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davjenn04
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ocular | Part of microscope you look through 10X |
| Objective | Lense closest to the specimen 10X, 40X, 60X, and 100X |
| Rubber Rim | Part of revolving mouthpiece that you grasp and turn |
| Head | Contains the oculars |
| Arm | Part of microscope that you grasp when moving the microscope |
| Condenser | Series of lenses that gather and direct light onto the specimen |
| Diaphragm Lever | Opens and closes the diaphragm and regulates how much light leaves the condenser |
| Dimmer | Light intensity knob |
| Focusing knob | Course focus-10X Fine focus-all powers |
| Diatoms | Unicellular algae found in water, makes a two part silicon shell |
| Euglena | |
| Aspergillus sp. | |
| Penicillium sp. | |
| Rhizopus sp. | = |
| Saccharomyces sp. | = |
| Trichinella spiralis | = |
| Trypanosoma gambiense | = |
| Volvox | = |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | = |
| Tobacco mosaic virus | = |
| Magnification | increasing the viewing area |
| Total magnification | Ocular * magnification |
| Resolution | Ability to see detail |
| Resolving Power | Rp=(wavelength * .5)/numerical aperature measured in nanometers, smaller the better |
| Wavelength | Distance between tops of light waves, measured in nanometers White-550; Green-450; Blue-425 |
| Numerical Aperature | Width of cone of light that may enter the lens. The light gathering power of lens |
| Parfocal | Ability to keep a specimen which is in focus at one power to be approximately in focus at the next power |
| Parcentral | Ability to keep specimen in the center of field even when changing powers |
| Condenser | "Gathers" or "condenses" the light |
| Coccus | Round |
| Bacillus | Rod |
| Spiral | Spiral: vibrio, spirillum, spirochete |
| Capsule | Outercoating around bacteria, and don't stain well |
| Endospore | Creates extra copy of DNA. Attaches to surfaces or for protection from phagocytosis |
| Streptococcus | Chain |
| Staphylococcus | Clusters |
| Escherichia coli | = |
| What is the purpose of the dispersion oil? | Decrease amount of light refraction, increases amount of light that enters, and overall increases resolution |
| Rhodospirillum rubrum | red color to it |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | yeast |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | = |
| Brownian motion | Bacteria appear to be jiggling in place because of small water molecules pushing them around |
| Taxis | Direct movement of bacteria |
| Wet Mount | Useful in viewing live organisms and see whether they are moving |
| What happens to media if its too hot? | Excess condensation, or plate will melt |
| What happens to media if its too cold? | It is too lumpy or won't pour |
| Liquid Media | "Broth" good for growing in bulk amounts, however contaminants often difficult to see |
| Solid Media | Used to separate and visualize colonies |
| Deeps | Take advantage of different oxygen levels |
| Slants | Provide more surface area and useful for storing media in small areas |
| Agar | Solidifying agents and few organisms can break it down |
| Agar Temps | Liquid-approximately 40 C Solid < 40 C Water Bath- 50 C Poured-45 C to prevent condensation |
| Chemically defined media | Each ingredient is a single "pure" chemical and amounts are known accurately |
| Complex media | Organic Compounds, provide source of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Sulfur, and Nitrogen. Peptones, beef extract, yeast extract, and tryptones |
| Labeling plates | Name, Date, Incubation temp, Incubation time, type of media, type of sample, bacterial name, and station # |
| Mycobacterium gordonae | = |
| Staphylococcus aureus | = |
| Streptococcus pygenes | = |
| Bacillus subtilis | = |
| Escherichia coli | = |
| Micrococcus luteus | = |
| Serratia marcescens | = |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | = |
| Salmonella typhimurium | = |
| Proteus vulgaris | = |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | = |
| Colony Size | Pinpoint, Small, Medium, Large |
| Colony Shape | Circular, Irregular, Rhizoid |
| Margin | Entire, Lobate, Erose |
| Elevation | Flat, Raised, Convex, Umbonate |
| Opaque | Can't see through it |
| Transparent | Can see through it |
| Translucent | Can partially see through it |
| Turbid | Insensitive to oxygen levels-grows throughout tube |
| Pellicle | Floating mass or ring of growth at surface of broth |
| Sediment | Inhibited by oxygen and will grow at the bottom of tube |
| Resident population | The permanent association of organisms to one another |
| Transient population | The temporary association of organisms to one another |
| Aseptic Technique | Procedure used to prevent the contamination of samples |
| Resident Organisms | Most organisms have other organisms living on them. Part of the normal flora |
| Transient Organisms | Organisms that can be picked up by hosts |
| Streaking for isolation | Technique used to separate bacteria from one other to see colonies |
| Pure Culture | laboratory culture containing a single species of organisms |
| Gram Stain Ingredients | Crystal Violet-primary stain Iodine (grams)-mordant:forms complex with Crystal violet Decolorizer-Acetone/alcohol Safranin-counterstain |
| Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore Stain Ingredients | Malachite Green, Safranin |
| Bacteria in endospore staining experiment | Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium |
| Ziehl-Neelson Acid-Fast Stain Ingredients | Carbolfucshin, Acid-Fast decolorizer, Methylene Blue, |
| Bacteria in Acid-Fast staining experiment | Staphylococcus epidermidis, Nocardia, Mycobacteria-pink |
| Capsule Stain Ingredients | Crystal Violet and water |
| Gram Positive | Purple Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis |
| Gram Negative | Pink Neiserria sicca and Escherichia coli |
| Acid Fast | Pink Mycobacterium-pink Staphylococcus epidermidis-green |
| Why are plates incubated upside down? | Allows you to read the bottom of plate, and condensation collects in the top of plate |
| Why would a gram positive look negative? | Heat too long, age of bacteria, or decolorized too long or not enough |
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