Motor Speech Disorders (Lecture 5)
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| Cognitive-Linguistic Processes | show 🗑
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| Sensorimotor Planning/Programming | show 🗑
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| show | Direct activation of motoneurons,Muscle contraction, Movement, SPEECH!!!!
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| show | Aphasia: Defect of Language Generation, Word-finding problems, Agrammatism, Neologisms, Auditory comprehension deficits, Reading and writing deficits
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| show | Apraxia of speech, Difficulty sequencing syllables, Articulatory groping, “know what you want to say but can’t make mouth say it”, No weakness or paralysis
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| Neuromotor Execution Defects | show 🗑
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| show | neurologic lesion of CNS or PNS, movement disorders classified based on how they sound; and how they sound corresponds with underlying neuropathology
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| show | Impairment of sensorimotor programming, not attributable to muscular weakness or language difficulties
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| Flaccid Dysarthria | show 🗑
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| show | Breathiness, Hypernasality, Imprecise articulation, Nasal air emission, monopitch
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| Conditions associated with Flaccid Dysarthria | show 🗑
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| show | inability to make a labial seal or elevate tongue for lingual sounds
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| Spastic Dysarthria | show 🗑
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| Spastic Dysarthria Etiologies include | show 🗑
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| show | Imprecise consonants, Strained-strangled voice (vocal stenosis), Slow rate, Monopitch and loudness, Hypernasality, Pitch breaks
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| show | Lesion to cerebellum or cerebellar circuits; Several possible patterns of deficit including “robotic quality” and “drunken quality”
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| show | neoplasms, progressive cerebellar degeneration, trauma, encephalitis, MS, ETOH toxicity, CVA, congenital conditions
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| show | Imprecise consonants, Robotic quality (equal and even stress), Irregular articulatory breakdown (drunken quality), Harsh voice
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| Hypokinetic Dysarthria | show 🗑
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| show | Parkinson’s disease (idiopathic PD), and parkinsonism due to drugs, CVAs or other disease processes
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| Clinical Presentation of Hypokinetic Dysarthria: | show 🗑
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| show | Lesions to the basal ganglia that result in too little inhibition (too much facilitation); Slow hyperkinesia, with a “build up” of involuntary movement activity
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| Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (Dystonia) Etiologies include: | show 🗑
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| show | Imprecise consonants, Harsh voice, Strained-strangled voice, Monopitch and loudness, Vowel and consonant breakdowns
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| show | BG lesion causing too much facilitation; Quick hyperkinesia results in irregular, unsustained, random, unpatterned, rapid movements
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| show | Huntington’s, Sydenham’s chorea, encephalitis, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
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| Clinical Presentation of Hyperkinetic (chorea) Dysarthria: | show 🗑
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| Flaccid dysarthria, possible site of lesion | show 🗑
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| show | Facial resulting in slurred speech
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| Flaccid dysarthria, possible site of lesion | show 🗑
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| Flaccid dysarthria, possible site of lesion | show 🗑
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| Flaccid dysarthria, possible site of lesion | show 🗑
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| show | UUMN lesion; weakness, incoordination, usually mild and transient to bilateral innervation
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| show | imprecise articulation only sometimes present
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| show | Lesion to cortical tissue (maybe insula), Sensorimotor planning/programming deficit
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| Apraxia of Speech Etiologies include | show 🗑
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| show | articulatory errors (perseverative, anticipatory, metathetic errors), articulatory groping, slowness, dysprosody, automatic speeech, inability to program sequences of sounds (especially consonants)
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