Pharm-Drugs (Exam 3)
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| show | NT, metabolized quickly so not therapeutically useful, nonspecific (activate N & M receptors), little CV effects, increase GI motility, stimulate bladder, miosis, bronchoconstriction, increase glandular secretions
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| Epinephrine | show 🗑
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| Norepinephrine | show 🗑
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| Dopamine | show 🗑
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| show | NT?
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| Amphetamine | show 🗑
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| show | indirect symphathomimetic/sympathetic modulator (alpha-1, beta-1)- cheese, beer, wine; compete with NET
contraind. in pts taking MAOI: incr. HR, CX, CO (reflex bradycardia), initial potentiates NE effects, then depletes NE, inc. renin release in kidney
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| Ephedrine | show 🗑
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| Reserpine | show 🗑
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| show | sympathetic modulator, depletes NE in SNS (does not cross BBB), acts like reserpine, false NT
TX: severe hypertension
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| Phenylephrine | show 🗑
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| show | alpha-2 selective (receptor agonist)- decrease SNS outflow, decrease BP
TX: hypertension
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| show | alpha-2 selective (receptor agonist)-competitive inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase -> deplete terminals of DA and NE
TX: HTN during pregnancy
SEs: hepatotoxicity, autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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| show | alpha antagonist (nonselective)-dec. BP progressively, hypotension, miosis, nasal congestion, inhibit ejacuation, acts similar to phenoxybenzamine
TX: short-term control of BP and manage pheochromocytoma
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| Phenoxybenzamine | show 🗑
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| show | alpha-1 antagonist-highly selective a-1 blocker but non-selec. for alpha subtypes, long half-life and long duration of action
TX: HTN and BPH
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| Prazosin | show 🗑
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| show | alpha-1 antagonist-selective for alpha-1A in urinary tract
TX: BPH
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| show | alpha-1 antagonist (alpha-1A, 1D)-reflex tachycardia, dec. vasocx, lower incidence of orthostatic HTN
TX: BPH
SEs: weakness (muscle or psychogenic)
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| Terazosin | show 🗑
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| show | alpha-2 antagonist-inc. HR and BP, no clinical uses
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| Isoproterenol | show 🗑
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| Dobutamine | show 🗑
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| Albuterol | show 🗑
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| show | beta 2 agonist-bronchodilation, medium duration (oral administration)
TX: bronchospasm, obstructive airway disease
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| show | beta 2 agonist-bronchodilation, minimal tachycardia
TX: obstructive airway disease
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| Salmeterol | show 🗑
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| Formoterol | show 🗑
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| Propanolol | show 🗑
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| show | beta antagonist (nonselective)-partial agonist (ISA)
TX: HTN in pts with bradycardia or exercise intolerance
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| show | beta antagonist (nonselective beta, alpha-1 blocker), short half-life, no ISA, extensively metabolized by P450
TX: CHF
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| Labetalol | show 🗑
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| show | beta-1 antagonist (cardio selective), partial agonist (ISA), dec. HR, CX, CO
TX: HTN, arrythmias, for pts with bradycardia and exercise intolerance
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| Metoprolol | show 🗑
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| Atenolol | show 🗑
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| show | beta-1 antagonist (cardio selective)-well tolerated, no ISA activity, long half-life
TX: std. when combined with ACE inhibitor and diuretic -> HTN
SEs: bradycardia
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| show | beta-1 antagonist (cardio selective), very short half-life
TX: admin. IV where immediate onset of blockade is required
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| show | muscarinic agonist-
TX: enhance intestinal activity and promote urination, reduced CV SEs compared to carbachol or methacholine, more selective (M3 in GI and bladder)
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| Pilocarpine | show 🗑
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| show | muscarinic agonist
TX: open angle glaucoma, useful alternative when resistance to pilocarpine or physostigmine
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| show | muscarinic antagonist-brady (low), inc. HR (normal) vasocx, bronchodl, dec GI motiliy, urine retention, mydriasis
TX: GI spasms, eye exams, CHEI toxicity, anethesic adjuvant, motion sickness, overactive bladder, ulcer, anti-parkinsonism
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| Scopolamine | show 🗑
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| show | muscarinic antagonist (M1)-
TX: used with H-2 blockers to reduce gastric acid secretions to produce gastric ulcer healing
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| Ipratropium | show 🗑
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| Tiotropium | show 🗑
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| Tubocararine | show 🗑
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| Atracurium | show 🗑
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| Mivacurium | show 🗑
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| Vecuronium | show 🗑
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| Succinylcholine | show 🗑
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| show | ACh release inhibitor (irreversible)-cleaves synaptobrevin and SNAP to prevent vesicle fusion/release
TX: dystonias, spasticity, stroke, chronic anal fissure, severe wrinkles, spasmodic dysphonia, hyperhydrosis
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| show | AChE inhibitor (reversible)-reflex tachy, vasodilation, bronchocx, inc secretions, inc. GI motility, micturition, miosis, skeletal m. fasiculation, CNS depression
TX: paralytic ileus, tx of MG, xerostomia
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| show | AChE inhibitor (reversible)-reflex tachy, vasodilation, bronchocx, inc secretions, inc. GI motility, micturition, miosis, skeletal m. fasiculation, CNS depression
TX: atropine toxicity (crosses BBB)
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| show | AChE inhibitor (reversible)-very short acting
TX: diagnosis of MG, PAT
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| Diisopropyl flurophosphate (DFP) | show 🗑
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| show | AChE inhibitor (irreversible, organophosphate)--reflex tachy, vasodilation, bronchocx, inc secretions, inc. GI motility, micturition, miosis, skeletal m. fasiculation, CNS depression
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| Echothiphate | show 🗑
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| show | AchE reactivator-splits covalent bond, forms oxime-phosphonate -> leaves regenerated ChE
TX: reverses CHEI toxicity
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| show | skeletal muscle relaxant-binds ryanodine receptor -> prevent Ca2+ release
TX: malignant hyperpyrexia caused by succinylcholine+halothane
SEs: muscle weakness, sedation, hepatitis
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| Nicotine | show 🗑
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| show | partial nicotine receptor agonist selective for alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor, long half-life
TX: nicotine addiction
SEs: weight gain
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| Teriparatide acetate | show 🗑
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| Calcitonin | show 🗑
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| Calcitriol (Vit D), Dihydrotachysterol | show 🗑
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| Aledronate, Ibandronate, Zoledronic acid | show 🗑
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| show | inhibitor of uric acid synthesis-standard txt for chronic tophaceous gout
MOA: comp. inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
SE: maculopapular rash, GI, hepatotoxicity, fever, hypersens.
-not useful for acute gout attacks
-inhibit kidney reperfusion injury
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| show | inhibitor of uric acid synthesis, selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
-rapidly and extensively absorbed
TX: chronic gout (prophylactic NSAIDs or colchicine used in beg to prevent gout attack)
SE: GI intolerance, hepatic function alterations
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| show | uricosuric agent-inhibit proximal tubule resorption, oral admin, not used in acute gout attacks
TX: hyperuricemia control
DI: PCN, ASA, sulfa, allopurinol
TOX: GI, dermatitis, nephrotic syndrome
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| show | gout pain and inflammation
MOA: binds microtub tubulin -> dec. urate phagocytosis
-admin oral
TOX: GI, blood dyscrasias, CNS depression, shock
TX: gouty arthritis attacks, pseudogout, fam. med fever
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| show | gout pain and inflammation, anti-inflammatory
TX: acute gouty attacks
-not used for chronic gout or prophylaxis
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| Rasburicane | show 🗑
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| Alprazolam | show 🗑
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| show | benzodiazepines-bind a1-gamma1 on GABA-A receptor, dec. neuron activity, rapidly absorbed, short acting
TX: anxiety, alcohol withdrawal
TOX: lots!
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| Clonazepam | show 🗑
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| show | benzodiazepines, anti-convulsant-rapidly absorbed, long acting
TX: anxiety, status epilepiticus
TOX: lots!
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| Flurazepam | show 🗑
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| show | benzodiazepines-bind a1-gamma1 on GABA-A receptor, dec. neuron activity, rapidly absorbed, very short acting
TX: insomnia
TOX: lots!
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| Pentobarbital, Secobarbital | show 🗑
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| Flumazenil | show 🗑
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| show | alternative anxiolytic-slowly develop anti anx effect without sedation
MOA: no GABA, maybe 5HT1A?
TX: general anx disorder (not panic/PTSD)
-no sedation, dependence, withdrawal, cross tolerance, no muscle relaxation
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| show | may produce some anxiety relief as consequence of sedative properties, useful in pts prone to abuse of benzos
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| show | TCA-inhibit NE and 5-HT reuptake
TX: depression, eunuresis, pain, ADHD
TOX: lots!
SE: pronounced anti-ACh visual effects (mydriasis and dec. accomodation)
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| Nortriptyline | show 🗑
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| Imipramine | show 🗑
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| show | TCA
TX: depression, eunuresis, pain, ADHD, OCD
TOX: lots!
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| Desipramine | show 🗑
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| show | cyclic antidepressant-inhibit DA reuptake
TX: depression, nicotine withdrawal
-dec. CV SEs, dec. sexual complications, dec. seizure threshold
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| Mirtazapine | show 🗑
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| show | cyclic antidepressant-heavily promoted, rel. poor AD, few SEs, sedation, good hypnotic
-produces priapism
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| Fluoxetine | show 🗑
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| Sertraline | show 🗑
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| Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine | show 🗑
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| Citalopram | show 🗑
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| show | SNRI?
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| show | SNRI?
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| show | MAOI
TX: depression, narcolepsy, phobia anxiety D/O, OCD
TOX: dec BP, headache, sexual dysfunction, hypertension/hypotension
DI: tyramine->hypertensive crisis
-mood elevation in depressed/normal indiv.
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| show | MAOI-relatively selective for MAO-B, used in PD, also approved for major depression
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| Midazolam | show 🗑
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| show | non-benzo BZ1 agonist, short acting
TX: insomnia
TOX: bizarre nighttime behavior, less SEs than benzos/barbs (reversed by flumazenil)
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| Thiopental | show 🗑
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| show | melatonin-1 and 2 agonist -> decrease sleep onset
TX: insomnia (sleep onset problems)
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| show | anti-manic-Na+ or Mg2+ replacement -> dec. IP3/DAG, dec. cAMP, dec. NT release, oral absorp, narrow therapeutic window, only drug that dec. suicide
TX: mania
TOX: acute-fatigue, weakness, tremor, chronic-dec thyroid, diabetes insipidus, nephritis, edema
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| show | anti-manic, anti-convulsant-block Na+, enhance GABA, used for early mania, used as lithium adjunct
TX: mania
TOX: sedation, GI, hepatotoxicity, birth defects
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| Carbamazepine | show 🗑
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| Olanzapine | show 🗑
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| show | anti-manic-partial agonist at D2 and 5HT2A
TX: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar diorder, mania, tourette's syndrome
-less SEs, no weight gain
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| show |
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