Potter and perry chapter 34 Infection Control
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| Communicable | infectious disease that can be transmitted DIRECTLY from one person to another
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| infectious | type of infectious disease that may not pose a risk for infection. Pnemonia and viral meningitis are examples.
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| dose | sufficient numbers of organisms
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| virulence | ability to survive outside host or body
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| host resistance | suceptability of host
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| reservoir | where pathogen can survive but may or may not mulitply
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| pathogen | infectious agent
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| colonization | organism that multiplies but does not cause infection
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| bactericidal | temperature or chemical that destroys bacteria
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| bacteriostasis | prevention of growth/reproduction of bacteria by cold temperatures
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| carrier | person who shows no symptoms of illness but have the pathogens that can be transferred to others
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| contact | direct or indirect mode of transmission
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| direct contact | person to person (oral or fecal);
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| Physical contct between source and susceptible host (touching client feces, then your mouth) |
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| direct contact | Hepatitis A, Shigella, Staphlococcus mode of transmission
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| indirect contact | personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object (Sharps, dressings, environment)
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| indirect contact | Mode of transmission for: Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatits C, HIV, Staphlococcus, RSV, MRSA, pseudomonas
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| Droplet | Large particles (bigger than 5mcg), travel up to 3 feet (coughing, sneezing, talking). Mask required.
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| Droplet | Mode of transmission: influenza, rubella, bacteria meningitis, pertussis, mumps, scarlet fever, plague, PNEMONIA, mycoplasmal pnemonia
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| Airborne | Droplet nuclei smaller than 5 mcg or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air or carried on dust particles (coughing, sneezing). Requires HEPA filter and private room.
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| Airborne | Mode of transmission: mycobacterium tb, tuberculosis, varicella zoster (chicken pox), measles,
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| standard precautions | Apply to all blood, bodily fluids (except sweat) intact skin and mucous membranes
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| exogenous infection | Microorganisms that are external to the patient—do not exist as normal flora
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| ID: postoperative infection |
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| endogenous infection | Patients own flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results.
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| IE: Enterococci, yeast, streptococci, c diff from being on several antibiotics |
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| Iatrogenic infection | result from diagnostic or therapeautic procedure.
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| IE: catheter insertion, GI endoscopy |
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| HAI | result from delivery of health care serices in health care facility. In acute care setting called Nosocomial.
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| Urinary | most common type of HAI (32%)
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| Surgical Site | second most common HAI (22%)
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| Primary defenses | Skin, Ciliary action, Urinary flow, Peristalsis, pH
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| Secondary defenses | WBC, Hgb, Inflammatory response
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| MDRO's | MRSA, VRE, Multi drug resistant tuberculosis;
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| Transmitted by same routes as antimicrobial susceptible agents |
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| no | are alcohol based handrubs effective with c.Diff or spores?
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| 5,000 | 10,000
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| Neutrophils | 55
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| Lymphocytes | 20
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| Monocytes | 5
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| Eosinophils | 1
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| Basophil | 0.5
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| Asepsis | absence of pathogenic microorganisms
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| medical asepsis | clean technique
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| surgical asepsis | sterile technique
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| disinfection | elimination of many or all microorganisms
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| sterilization | complete elimination or destruction of microorganisms and spores
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| direct contact | involves a direct surface
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| direct contact | Healthcare provider develops herpetic whitlow on a finger after contact with HSV when providing oral care to a patient without using gloves
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| direct contact | Mites from a scabies
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| direct contact | Blood or other blood
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| direct contact | Microorganisms transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person
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| indirect contact | Includes the transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object or person. Contaminated hands of healthcare personnel are important contributors to indirect contact transmission
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| indirect contact | Hands may transmit pathogens after touching an infected or colonized body sire, or inanimate object if hand hygiene not performed
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| indirect contact | transfer of infectious agent through Patient
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| indirect contact | transfer of infectious agent by sharing toys
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| indirect contact | transfer of infectious agent by instruments inadequately cleaned between patients
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| droplet precautions | Precautions where mask or repirator is required. Private room or cohorting patients required.
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| droplets | generated from the source person primarily during coughing, sneezing, talking and during the performance of certain procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy.
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| NO | Do droplets remain suspended in the air, special air handling and ventilation?
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| Airborned precautions | Private room required, negative air pressure airflow, special mask or respiratory device required.
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| Airborne | Microorganisms can be dispersed widely by air currents and may become inhaled by a susceptible host within the same room
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| Airborne | Examples include mycobacterium tuberculosis, rubeola and varicella viruses
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| Wash hands | First procedure when entering isolation room
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| Wash handds, Gown, Gloves, Mask | Entering isolation room order of procedures
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| Remove Gloves, Remove Gown, Wash Hands, Remove Mask, Wash Hands, Exit | Order or removing PPE when exiting isolation room
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