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P & P Chapter 34
Potter and perry chapter 34 Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Communicable | infectious disease that can be transmitted DIRECTLY from one person to another |
| infectious | type of infectious disease that may not pose a risk for infection. Pnemonia and viral meningitis are examples. |
| dose | sufficient numbers of organisms |
| virulence | ability to survive outside host or body |
| host resistance | suceptability of host |
| reservoir | where pathogen can survive but may or may not mulitply |
| pathogen | infectious agent |
| colonization | organism that multiplies but does not cause infection |
| bactericidal | temperature or chemical that destroys bacteria |
| bacteriostasis | prevention of growth/reproduction of bacteria by cold temperatures |
| carrier | person who shows no symptoms of illness but have the pathogens that can be transferred to others |
| contact | direct or indirect mode of transmission |
| direct contact | person to person (oral or fecal); |
| Physical contct between source and susceptible host (touching client feces, then your mouth) | |
| direct contact | Hepatitis A, Shigella, Staphlococcus mode of transmission |
| indirect contact | personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object (Sharps, dressings, environment) |
| indirect contact | Mode of transmission for: Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatits C, HIV, Staphlococcus, RSV, MRSA, pseudomonas |
| Droplet | Large particles (bigger than 5mcg), travel up to 3 feet (coughing, sneezing, talking). Mask required. |
| Droplet | Mode of transmission: influenza, rubella, bacteria meningitis, pertussis, mumps, scarlet fever, plague, PNEMONIA, mycoplasmal pnemonia |
| Airborne | Droplet nuclei smaller than 5 mcg or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air or carried on dust particles (coughing, sneezing). Requires HEPA filter and private room. |
| Airborne | Mode of transmission: mycobacterium tb, tuberculosis, varicella zoster (chicken pox), measles, |
| standard precautions | Apply to all blood, bodily fluids (except sweat) intact skin and mucous membranes |
| exogenous infection | Microorganisms that are external to the patient—do not exist as normal flora |
| ID: postoperative infection | |
| endogenous infection | Patients own flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results. |
| IE: Enterococci, yeast, streptococci, c diff from being on several antibiotics | |
| Iatrogenic infection | result from diagnostic or therapeautic procedure. |
| IE: catheter insertion, GI endoscopy | |
| HAI | result from delivery of health care serices in health care facility. In acute care setting called Nosocomial. |
| Urinary | most common type of HAI (32%) |
| Surgical Site | second most common HAI (22%) |
| Primary defenses | Skin, Ciliary action, Urinary flow, Peristalsis, pH |
| Secondary defenses | WBC, Hgb, Inflammatory response |
| MDRO's | MRSA, VRE, Multi drug resistant tuberculosis; |
| Transmitted by same routes as antimicrobial susceptible agents | |
| no | are alcohol based handrubs effective with c.Diff or spores? |
| 5,000 | 10,000 |
| Neutrophils | 55 |
| Lymphocytes | 20 |
| Monocytes | 5 |
| Eosinophils | 1 |
| Basophil | 0.5 |
| Asepsis | absence of pathogenic microorganisms |
| medical asepsis | clean technique |
| surgical asepsis | sterile technique |
| disinfection | elimination of many or all microorganisms |
| sterilization | complete elimination or destruction of microorganisms and spores |
| direct contact | involves a direct surface |
| direct contact | Healthcare provider develops herpetic whitlow on a finger after contact with HSV when providing oral care to a patient without using gloves |
| direct contact | Mites from a scabies |
| direct contact | Blood or other blood |
| direct contact | Microorganisms transferred from one infected person to another person without a contaminated intermediate object or person |
| indirect contact | Includes the transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object or person. Contaminated hands of healthcare personnel are important contributors to indirect contact transmission |
| indirect contact | Hands may transmit pathogens after touching an infected or colonized body sire, or inanimate object if hand hygiene not performed |
| indirect contact | transfer of infectious agent through Patient |
| indirect contact | transfer of infectious agent by sharing toys |
| indirect contact | transfer of infectious agent by instruments inadequately cleaned between patients |
| droplet precautions | Precautions where mask or repirator is required. Private room or cohorting patients required. |
| droplets | generated from the source person primarily during coughing, sneezing, talking and during the performance of certain procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy. |
| NO | Do droplets remain suspended in the air, special air handling and ventilation? |
| Airborned precautions | Private room required, negative air pressure airflow, special mask or respiratory device required. |
| Airborne | Microorganisms can be dispersed widely by air currents and may become inhaled by a susceptible host within the same room |
| Airborne | Examples include mycobacterium tuberculosis, rubeola and varicella viruses |
| Wash hands | First procedure when entering isolation room |
| Wash handds, Gown, Gloves, Mask | Entering isolation room order of procedures |
| Remove Gloves, Remove Gown, Wash Hands, Remove Mask, Wash Hands, Exit | Order or removing PPE when exiting isolation room |
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