General Survey, Measurement, Vital Signs
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| General Survey | A study of the whole person, general health state and obvious characteristics
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| Fours Areas of General Survey | Physical Appearance, Body Structure, Mobility, and Behavior
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| Physical Appearance | Age, Sex, Level of consciousness, Skin color and Facial features
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| Age | The person appears his or her stated age
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| Sex | Sexual development is appropritate for gender and age
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| Level of Consciousness | The person is alert and oriented, attends to your questions and responds appropriately
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| Skin Color | Color tone is even, pigmentation varies, skin is intact with no obvious lesions
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| Facial Features | Symmetric with movement
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| Body Structure | Stature, Nutrition, Symmetry, Posture, Position, and Body build/contour
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| Stature | Height appears within normal range for age, genetic heritage
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| Nutrition | Weight appears within normal range for height and body build; body fat distribute evenly
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| Symmetry | Body parts look equal bilaterally and are in relative proportion to each other
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| Posture | Person stands comfortably erect as appropriate for age
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| Position | Person sits comfortably in a chair or on bed, arms relaxed at sides, head turned to examiner
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| Body Build/ Contour | Arm span equals height; Body length from crown to pubis roughly equal length pubis to sole
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| Mobility | Gait and Range of motion
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| Gait | Base is as wide as the shoulder width, foot placement, smooth balanced walk, arm swing
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| Range of Motion | Full mobility for each joint, movement is deliberate, accurate, smooth & coordinated
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| Behavior | Facial expression, mood and affect, speech, dress, and personal hygiene
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| Facial Expression | Maintain eye contact, expressions appropriate for situation
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| Mood and Affect | Person is comfortable and cooperative with examiner and interacts pleasantly
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| Speech | Articulation is clear and understandable
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| Dress | Clothing is approprate to climate, clean, fits, appropriate for culture and age group
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| Personal Hygiene | Appears clean and grommed appropriately for age, occupation, and socioeconomic group
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| To measure weight | Use a scale; Remove person's shoe and heavy outer clothing
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| When a sequence of repeated weights is necessary | Aim for approx. the same time of day and same type of clothing worn each time
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| Record weight in ... and it is important for ...? | In kilograms and Pounds.... Medicine
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| Formula for kilograms to Pounds | Kilograms x 2.2 = Pounds
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| To measure height | Person should be shoeless, standing straight, and looking straight ahead
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| Body Mass Index | Practical marker of optimal weight for height; Indicator for obesity or malnutrition
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| Waist-to-Hip Ratio | Assesses body fat distribution as an indicator of health risk
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| To measure waist to hip ratio | Waist circumference/ Hip circumference
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| Temperature | Quick indicator that something is wrong; Stable core temp of mean 37.2C (99F)
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| Normal oral temperature in a resting person | 37C (98.6F)
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| Normal range of temperature | 35.8C to 37.3C (96.4F to 99.1F)
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| Rectal temperature | Measures 0.4C to .5C (.7F to 1F) higher
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| Normal temperature is influenced by | Age, Exercise, Menstruation cycle, and Diurnal cycle of 1 to 1.5F
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| When does the temperature trough and peaks? | Temp. trough in early morning hours; Peaks in late afternoon and early evening
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| Types of thermometer | Oral, Axillary, Rectal, and Tympanic Membrane Thermometer (TMT)
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| How long do you wait after a person has just drunken something or smoked? | Wait 15 mins if taken hot or cold liquid; 2 mins for smoking
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| What to do when taking rectal temperature? | Wear gloves and insert only 2 to 3 cm (1 inch)
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| What color are the probe cover of an oral and rectal thermometer? | Oral- Blue and Rectal- Red
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