The Chemistry of Life
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| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass
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| Mass | The quantity of matter an object has
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| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter
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| Atom | Simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element
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| Nucleus | Central region of an atom that makes up the bulk of the mass of the atom
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| Proton | Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
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| Neutron | Particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom
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| Atomic number | Number of protons in an element
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| Mass number | Equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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| Electron | Small, negatively charged particle that orbits around the nucleus of an atom
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| Orbital | Region around a nucelus that indicates the probably location of an electron
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| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
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| Compound | Made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions
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| Chemical Bond | Attractive force that holds atoms together
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| Covalent Bond | Forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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| Molecule | Simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance
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| Ion | An atom or molecule with an electrical charge
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| Ionic Bond | Bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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| Energy | The ability to do work
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| Chemical reaction | One or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
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| Reactant | Substances that participate in a chemical reaction
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| Product | Substances produced in a chemical reaction
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| Metabolism | The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
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| Activation energy | The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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| Catalyst | Substances that reduce the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to take place
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| Enzyme | Biological catalyst
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| Polar | Compound with an uneven distribution of electrical charge
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| Hydrogen bond | The force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partical positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge
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| Cohesion | Attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together
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| Adhesion | Attractive force between two particles of different substances
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| Capillary action | Attraction between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid
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| Solution | Mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance
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| Solute | Substance dissolved in the solvent
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| Solvent | Substance in which the solute is dissolved
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| Concentration | Amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of the solution
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| Saturated solution | Solution in which no more solute can dissolve
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| Aqueous solution | Solutions in which water is the solvent
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| Hydroxide ion | OH-
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| Hydronium ion | H3O+
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| Acid | Number of hydronium ions is greater than the number of hydroxide ions in solution (pH less than 7)
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| Base | Solution that contains more hydroxide than hydronium ions (pH greater than 7)
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| pH Scale | Scale to compare the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution
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| Buffer | Chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution
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