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Ch 2 Vocab
The Chemistry of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass |
| Mass | The quantity of matter an object has |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter |
| Atom | Simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element |
| Nucleus | Central region of an atom that makes up the bulk of the mass of the atom |
| Proton | Positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | Particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic number | Number of protons in an element |
| Mass number | Equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Electron | Small, negatively charged particle that orbits around the nucleus of an atom |
| Orbital | Region around a nucelus that indicates the probably location of an electron |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons |
| Compound | Made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions |
| Chemical Bond | Attractive force that holds atoms together |
| Covalent Bond | Forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Molecule | Simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance |
| Ion | An atom or molecule with an electrical charge |
| Ionic Bond | Bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Chemical reaction | One or more substances change to produce one or more different substances |
| Reactant | Substances that participate in a chemical reaction |
| Product | Substances produced in a chemical reaction |
| Metabolism | The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
| Activation energy | The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| Catalyst | Substances that reduce the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to take place |
| Enzyme | Biological catalyst |
| Polar | Compound with an uneven distribution of electrical charge |
| Hydrogen bond | The force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partical positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge |
| Cohesion | Attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together |
| Adhesion | Attractive force between two particles of different substances |
| Capillary action | Attraction between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid |
| Solution | Mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance |
| Solute | Substance dissolved in the solvent |
| Solvent | Substance in which the solute is dissolved |
| Concentration | Amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of the solution |
| Saturated solution | Solution in which no more solute can dissolve |
| Aqueous solution | Solutions in which water is the solvent |
| Hydroxide ion | OH- |
| Hydronium ion | H3O+ |
| Acid | Number of hydronium ions is greater than the number of hydroxide ions in solution (pH less than 7) |
| Base | Solution that contains more hydroxide than hydronium ions (pH greater than 7) |
| pH Scale | Scale to compare the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution |
| Buffer | Chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution |
Created by:
mjnepa
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