Kotler, Armstrong, Principles of Marketing 11th ed, Ch 12 vocab
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| Value delivery network | The network made up of the company, suppliers, distributors, and ultimately customers who “partner” with each other to improve the performance of the entire system.
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| Value delivery network | Palm manages a whole community of suppliers, assemblers, resellers, and complementors who must work effectively together to make life easier from Palm’s customers
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| Marketing channel (or distributing channel) | A set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user
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| Marketing channel (or distributing channel) | FedEx works interdependently with other companies to make their product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user
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| Channel level | A layer of intermediaries that performs some work bringing the product and its ownership closer to the final buyer
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| Direct marketing channel | A marketing channel that has no intermediary levels
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| Indirect marketing channel | A marketing channel that contains one or more intermediary levels
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| Direct marketing channel | An online class delivers the product (class) directly to the student with no intermediary levels
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| Indirect marketing channel | On campus classes requires people to maintain buildings and coordinate room and teaching schedules. These intermediaries perform work to bring the product (class) to the student
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| Channel conflict | Disagreement among marketing channel members on goals and roles—who should do what and for what rewards
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| Channel conflict | Tupperware in-home consultants and Target are conflicting intermediaries who work to bring the Tupperware product to its consumers
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| Conventional distribution channel | A channel consisting of one or more independent producers, wholesalers, and retailers, each a separate business seeking to maximize its own profits even at the expense of profits for the system as a whole
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| Vertical marketing system (VMS) | A distribution channel structure in which producers, wholesalers, and retailers act as a unified system. One channel member owns the others, has contracts with them or has so much power that they all cooperate.
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| Corporate VMS | A vertical marketing system that combines successive stages of production and distribution under single ownership—channel leadership is established through common ownership
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| Corporate VMS | Kroger the factories that produce and the stores that sell many of its products
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| Contractual VMS | A vertical marketing system in which independent firms at different levels of production and distribution join together through contracts to obtain more economies or sales impact than they could achieve alone.
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| Franchise organization | A contractual vertical marketing system in which a channel member, called a franchiser, links several stages in the production-distribution process
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| Franchise organization | Ford has a network of dealers. Coca Cola licenses bottlers. Individual managers run McDonald restaurants.
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| Administered VMS | A vertical marketing system that coordinates successive stages of production and distribution, not through common ownership or contractual ties, but through the size and power of one of the parties
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| Administrative VMS | Some manufactures, like Proctor & Gamble, are large enough and powerful enough to influence their resellers. Retailers, like Barnes & Noble, are large enough and powerful enough to influence their manufacturers.
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| Horizontal marketing system | A channel arrangement in which two or more companies at one level join together to follow a new marketing opportunity
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| Horizontal marketing system | When McDonald’s set up “express” restaurants in Wal-Mart stores, two companies joined together at one level to make new marketing opportunities.
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| Multichannel distribution system (or hybrid marketing channel) | A distribution system in which a single firm sets up two or more marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments
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| Multichannel distribution system (or hybrid marketing channel) | Fidelity Investments uses telephones, the internet, and branch offices as different marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments
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| Disintermediation | The displacement of traditional resellers from a marketing channel by radical new types of intermediaries
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| Disintermediation | People used to buy flowers from stores or street vendors. However, radical new types of intermediaries, such as 1-800 numbers and internet sites, have displaced many of the traditional resellers.
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| Intensive distribution | Stocking the product in as many outlets as possible
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| Intensive distribution | Coca-Cola sells its products in a wide variety of outlets, such as grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, hardware stores, office supply stores, restaurants and vending machines.
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| Exclusive distribution | Giving a limited number of dealers the exclusive right to distribute the company’s products in their territories
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| Exclusive distribution | Luxury car markets, such as Bentley, sell exclusively through a limited number of retailers.
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| Selective distribution | The use of more than one, but fewer than all, of the intermediaries who are willing to carry the company’s product
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| Selective distribution | KitchenAid, Maytag, Whirlpool, and General Electric will not sell their products through every retailer who is willing to carry their product. Instead, they use dealer networks and a few large retailers.
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| Marketing logistics (physical distribution) | The tasks involved in planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of materials, final goods, and related information from points of origin to points of consumption to meet customer requirements at a profit
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| Supply chain management | Managing upstream and downstream value-added flows of materials, final goods, and related information among suppliers, the company, resellers, and final consumers
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| Distribution center | A large, highly automated warehouse designed to receive goods from various plants and suppliers, take orders, fill them efficiently, and deliver goods to customers as quickly as possible
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| Distribution center | A Wal-Mart storage center receives goods from various plants and suppliers. Then, it uses laser scanners, conveyer belts, and thousands of workers to fill orders for and deliver goods to Wal-Mart retailers so that the customers can get the goods quickly
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| Intermodal transportation | Combining two or more modes of transportation
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| Intermodal transportation | piggyback shipping, using both rails and trucks to ship products, is cheaper than straight trucking, but more flexible than just using trains.
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| Integrated logistics management | The logistics concept that emphasizes teamwork, both inside the company and among all the marketing channel organizations, to maximize the performance of the entire distribution system
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| Third-party logistics (3PL) provider | An independent logistics provider that performs any or all of the functions required to get its client’s product to market
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| Third-party logistics (3PL) provider | For Jockey International, UPS manages a warehouse, fills internet orders, boxes them, provides truck drivers to ship goods, and phone representatives to handle problems. UPS provides many of the functions required to get its client’s product to market
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