68wm6 endocrine
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| endo | within
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| exo | outside
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| hyper | increased/above
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| para | a disease or condition characterized by an under secretion of thyroid hormones
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| corticoids | hormones secreted by the three cell layers of hte adrenal cortex
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| cretinism | dwarfism caused by hyposecretion of the thyroid gland
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| cushing's syndrome | condition caused by the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex
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| diabetes insipidus | condition resulting from hyposecretion of ADH in which large volumes of urine are formed and if left untreated, may cause serious health problems
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| diabetes mellitus | condition resulting when the pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin, resulting in increased levels of blood glucose. (disturbs carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism.)
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| endocrine | secreting into the blood or tissue fluid rather than into a duct
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| exocrine | secreting into a duct
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| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyes
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| gigantism | condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during the early years of life; results in a child who grows to gigantic size
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| glucocorticoids | hormones that influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; secreted by the adrenal cortex
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| gluconeogenesis | formulation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds
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| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland
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| hirsutism | excessive hair growth, especially in women
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| hormone | substance secreted by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood
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| mineralpcorticoids | hormone that influences mineral salt metabolism (electrolyte concentrations); secreted by adrenal cortex; aldosterone is the chief mineralocorticoid
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| myxedema | condition caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults
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| parathyroid glands | set of glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland
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| prostaglandins | group of naturally occurring fatty acids that affect many body functions
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| target cells | organ or cell acted on by a particular hormone and responding to it
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| virilism | masculinization of a female
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| two body systems that are responsible for regulating homeostasis and various body functins through communication and control | nervous system and endocrine system
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| nervous system | provides brief control by fast-traveling nerve impulses
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| endocrine system | provides slower but longer lasting control by way of hormones of which are chemicals that are secreted into and circulated by the blood
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| nonsteroidal hormones | work according to the second messenger mechanism
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| steroid hormones | lipid soluble and pass through cell membrane
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| major endocrine glands | pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, male sex gtlands, female sex glands, and thymus
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| attached to the base of the brain buried deep in the cranial cavity | pituitary gland
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| the portion of the central nervous system located beneath the thalamus at the base of the cerebrum | hypothalamus
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| combines endocrine and nervous system functions to control homeostasis | hypothalamus
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| stimulates the energy of all cells, inhibits the breakdown of bone, and causes a decrease in blood calcium concentration | thyroid gland
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| secretes thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and prolcatin | anterior pituitary gland
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| secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin | posterior pituitary gland
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| produces oxytocin, ADH, and also produces substances called releasing and inhibiting hormones | hypothalamus
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| secretes thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin | thyroid gland
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| lowers blood levels of calcium and phosphate ions when they are too high, increases the rate at which calcium is stored in boned excreted in urine | calcitonin
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| increases the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates, enhance protein synthesis, stimulate the breakdown and mobilization of lipids | T3, and T4
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| secretes parathyroid hormone | parathyroid gland
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| increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases phosphate ion concentration, stimulates bone-resorption by osteoclasts, which releases calcium into the blood, influences the kidneys to conserve calcium | parathyroid hormone
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| secrete cortisol, aldosterone | adrenal cortex
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| secrete epinephrine, and norepinephrine | adrenal medulla
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| alpha cells secrete glucagon and beta cells secrete insulin | pancreas
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| secretes thymosin | thymus
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| secretes melatonin | pineal gland
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| mechanisms of glandualr disorders | tumors, glandular hypersecretion and hyposecretion, damaged receptors of target cells, target cell insensitivity
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