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68wm6 endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endo | within |
| exo | outside |
| hyper | increased/above |
| para | a disease or condition characterized by an under secretion of thyroid hormones |
| corticoids | hormones secreted by the three cell layers of hte adrenal cortex |
| cretinism | dwarfism caused by hyposecretion of the thyroid gland |
| cushing's syndrome | condition caused by the hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex |
| diabetes insipidus | condition resulting from hyposecretion of ADH in which large volumes of urine are formed and if left untreated, may cause serious health problems |
| diabetes mellitus | condition resulting when the pancreatic islets secrete too little insulin, resulting in increased levels of blood glucose. (disturbs carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism.) |
| endocrine | secreting into the blood or tissue fluid rather than into a duct |
| exocrine | secreting into a duct |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyes |
| gigantism | condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during the early years of life; results in a child who grows to gigantic size |
| glucocorticoids | hormones that influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| gluconeogenesis | formulation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| hirsutism | excessive hair growth, especially in women |
| hormone | substance secreted by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood |
| mineralpcorticoids | hormone that influences mineral salt metabolism (electrolyte concentrations); secreted by adrenal cortex; aldosterone is the chief mineralocorticoid |
| myxedema | condition caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults |
| parathyroid glands | set of glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland |
| prostaglandins | group of naturally occurring fatty acids that affect many body functions |
| target cells | organ or cell acted on by a particular hormone and responding to it |
| virilism | masculinization of a female |
| two body systems that are responsible for regulating homeostasis and various body functins through communication and control | nervous system and endocrine system |
| nervous system | provides brief control by fast-traveling nerve impulses |
| endocrine system | provides slower but longer lasting control by way of hormones of which are chemicals that are secreted into and circulated by the blood |
| nonsteroidal hormones | work according to the second messenger mechanism |
| steroid hormones | lipid soluble and pass through cell membrane |
| major endocrine glands | pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, male sex gtlands, female sex glands, and thymus |
| attached to the base of the brain buried deep in the cranial cavity | pituitary gland |
| the portion of the central nervous system located beneath the thalamus at the base of the cerebrum | hypothalamus |
| combines endocrine and nervous system functions to control homeostasis | hypothalamus |
| stimulates the energy of all cells, inhibits the breakdown of bone, and causes a decrease in blood calcium concentration | thyroid gland |
| secretes thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and prolcatin | anterior pituitary gland |
| secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin | posterior pituitary gland |
| produces oxytocin, ADH, and also produces substances called releasing and inhibiting hormones | hypothalamus |
| secretes thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin | thyroid gland |
| lowers blood levels of calcium and phosphate ions when they are too high, increases the rate at which calcium is stored in boned excreted in urine | calcitonin |
| increases the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates, enhance protein synthesis, stimulate the breakdown and mobilization of lipids | T3, and T4 |
| secretes parathyroid hormone | parathyroid gland |
| increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases phosphate ion concentration, stimulates bone-resorption by osteoclasts, which releases calcium into the blood, influences the kidneys to conserve calcium | parathyroid hormone |
| secrete cortisol, aldosterone | adrenal cortex |
| secrete epinephrine, and norepinephrine | adrenal medulla |
| alpha cells secrete glucagon and beta cells secrete insulin | pancreas |
| secretes thymosin | thymus |
| secretes melatonin | pineal gland |
| mechanisms of glandualr disorders | tumors, glandular hypersecretion and hyposecretion, damaged receptors of target cells, target cell insensitivity |
Created by:
danield71111
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