Carbohydrates - taken from CGP AS level biology revision 2008
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| What are carbohydrates made from? | Monosaccharides
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| Most carbohydrates are large complex molecules, but what are they composed of? | Long chains of monosaccharides (e.g starch is a large carbohydrate composed of long chains of glucose!)
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| What are SINGLE monosaccharides called? | Carbohydrates
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| What is GLUCOSE? | Hexose Sugar
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| What is HEXOSE sugar? | A monosaccharide with '6' carbon atoms in each molecule
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| What two forms of glucose are there? | alpha (α) and beta (β)
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| What is the main energy source in animals and plants? | Glucose
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| What is good about the structure of Glucose? | It can easily be transported
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| Glucose's chemical bond contains..... | Lots of energy
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| What are DISACCHARIDES? | Two monosaccharides joined together
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| How are monosaccharides joined together? | GLYCOSIDIC bonds in a condensation reaction
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| When HYDROGEN on one monosaccharide bonds to a HYDROXYL (OH) group on the other, what happens? | They release a molecule of water
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| So what is the reverse of this called? | HYDROLYSIS reaction, where a molecule of water reacts with the glycoside bond, breaking it apart
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| What do two monosaccharides joining together form? | Disaccharide
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| Two α-glucose molecules joined together by a glycosidic bond form what? | Maltose
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| Name two more Disaccharides: ___ose and ___ose? | Lactose and Sucrose
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| Name two Monosaccharides: β-__ose + ___ose & α-___ose + ___ose? | β-glucose + galactose, α-glucose + fructose
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| What are chains of more than two monosaccharides called? | Polysaccharides
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| How are polysaccharides formed? | When more than two monosaccharides join together
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| Polysaccharides for in exactly the same way as disaccharides, can you remember how? | A condensation reaction releasing a molecule of water
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| What do lots of α-glucose molecules joining together by glycosidic bonds form? | AMYLOSE
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