NYS Earth & Space Sciences
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion | show 🗑
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| show | All planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths, with the Sun located at one of the two foci of the ellipse. This law established that planetary orbits are not perfect circles but elongated ovals.
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| Kepler's 2nd Law (Law of Equal Areas) | show 🗑
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| show | The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Sun. Mathematically expressed as T² ∝ a³, where T is the orbital period and a is the semi-major axis.
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| show | An oval-shaped geometric figure where the sum of distances from any point on the curve to two fixed points (foci) remains constant. Planetary orbits follow this shape rather than perfect circles.
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| Foci | show 🗑
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| Major Axis | show 🗑
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| Eccentricity of Orbits | show 🗑
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| show | The point in a planet's orbit where it is closest to the Sun. At this position, the planet moves at its fastest orbital speed according to Kepler's 2nd Law.
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| show | The point in a planet's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun. At this position, the planet moves at its slowest orbital speed.
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| show | The angular position of a celestial body as measured from the Sun's perspective, using the Sun as the reference point. This coordinate system places the Sun at the center.
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| Geocentric Longitude | show 🗑
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| Phases of the Moon | show 🗑
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| Tides | show 🗑
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| show | The changes in weather patterns and daylight hours throughout the year, caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis and its orbit around the Sun.
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| show | Occurring in a repeated pattern over time, as seen in the regular cycles of the Moon’s phases, eclipses, tides, and seasons.
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| show | The path the Moon follows as it revolves around Earth, influencing the phases of the Moon, the occurrence of eclipses, and the strength of tides.
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| show | The elliptical path Earth follows as it revolves around the Sun, determining the seasons by changing the amount of sunlight different parts of Earth receive throughout the year.
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| show | The central star in our solar system, providing light and heat, and playing a key role in the cycles of seasons, tides, and eclipses due to its gravitational and positional relationship with Earth and the Moon.
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| Solar Eclipse | show 🗑
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| show | The force exerted by a celestial body, like the Moon or Sun, which influences the movement of other bodies and the occurrence of tides on Earth.
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| Waxing Moon | show 🗑
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| show | The period when the illuminated portion of the Moon visible from Earth is decreasing. This occurs from full moon to new moon, including the waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent phases.
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| Lunar Eclipse | show 🗑
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| show | The darkest, central part of a shadow where light is completely blocked. During a lunar eclipse, the Moon passes through Earth's umbra, appearing dark red or copper-colored due to atmospheric refraction of sunlight.
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| Penumbra | show 🗑
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| show | An astronomical event that occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on Earth's surface. This can only happen during a new moon when the three bodies are aligned.
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| show | The Sun's observed movement across the sky from east to west each day, caused by Earth's rotation on its axis. The Sun appears to follow different paths throughout the year due to Earth's tilted axis and orbital motion.
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| Axis of Rotation | show 🗑
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| show | The angle at which Earth's rotational axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane around the Sun. This tilt is responsible for seasonal changes in temperature, daylight hours, and the Sun's apparent path across the sky.
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| show | The apparent track the Sun follows across the sky during the day, which changes throughout the year due to Earth's tilted axis. The path is highest in summer and lowest in winter for observers in the Northern Hemisphere.
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| Solar Altitude | show 🗑
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| Changing Sunrise & Sunset (SRise & SSet) | show 🗑
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| Vertical Rays | show 🗑
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