Endo 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What are the anti-islet antibodies present in patients of Type 1 DM? | Anti-insulin (IAA), anti-islet cell cyoplasm (ICA), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), anti-tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2)
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| Symogmi affect has __________ Glc levels at 3am, and ________ Glc levels in the morning. | Low at 3am, high in the morning. (due to stress hormone release)
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| Dawn Phenomenon is when Glc is (low/high) all night. What is its cause? | high, due to not taking NPH insulin before bed
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| How do you treat Symogmi affect? | No NPH before bed, or eat a snack before bed
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| What HLAs is DM1 associated with? | DR3, DR4, DQ
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| HbA1c indicates hyperglycemia for past ____ months. It is used to monitor __________. | 3; compliance with therapy
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| Nausea and vomiting in child with no GI symptoms/no diarrhea is usually ______. | DKA
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| How do you treat gastroparesis due to diabetic neuropathy? (3 drugs) | DA agonist (metaclopramide), Bethanachol, Erythromycin (increases motility)
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| During exercise, DM1 patients should take (less/more) insulin medication. | less
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| What is the best SCREENING test for diabetes mellitus: Random glucose, Fasting glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test? | Fasting glucose
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| What is the best DEFINITIVE test for diabetes mellitus (after initial screening): Random glucose, Fasting glucose, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test? | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
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| Fasting glucose is taken after an ____hour fast. Reading must be over ______mg/dL, on ____ separate tests to be considered positive | 8hr fast, 126 mg/dL, 2 separate times
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| OGTT is positive if the measurement is over ______mg/dL. Test is administered _____hours after a _____g load of glucose. | 200 mg/dL, 2 hours, 75g load
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| What skin condition is often associated with DM? | aconthosis nigricans
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| True/False: if mother has gestational diabetes, the offspring will have increased risk of DM in life. | True
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| Lispro, Aspart, and Glulisine are examples of (short/long) acting insulins. | short (rapid) acting
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| Name 3 long acting insulins (~24hrs) | NPH, Glargine, Detemir
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| Early in DM2, insulin levels may be __________. | Increased
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| Most common first oral agent prescribed to diabetics is _________ | Metformin
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| If HbA1c is >7 after 3 months of Metformin in a DM2 patient, you should add ___________ or ______________. | sulfonylureas or thiazolidenidiones
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| If DM2 patient has HbA1c >8.5 in spite of metformin and other therapies, you should add ________. | insulin therapy
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| Abdominal obesity, TAGs, low HDL, raised fasting glucose, pre HTN...3 of the 5 indicate ________________. | Metabolic syndrome
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| Describe the paradoxical hyperkalemia in DKA. | K+ is pushed into ECF, but since there is no insulin, they can't enter cells. Therefore labs show hyperkalemia, but none of the K+ is in the cells.
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| Usually what Glc level is seen in DKA? | >300 mg/dL
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| Glucagon, corticosteroids, and catecholamines, along with situations that raise levels of these hormones, can cause a DM1 patient to enter a state of ___________. | Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
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