Renal Terms
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| Dysuria | painful urination
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| Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) | rate at which the plasma is filtered through the glomeruli of the kidney
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| Hematuria | blood in the urine
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| Micturition | releasing of the urine from the urinary bladder
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| Nocturia | voiding two or more times a night
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| Urea | end product of protein metabolism, eliminated in the urine
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| BUN | blood test that measures urea levels and helps to determine renal function and the elimination of nitrogenous waste products
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| Creatinine | blood test that measures creatinine levels which is a by product of the breakdown of muscle that is excreted by the kidneys
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| Cystectomy | complete surgical removal of the urinary bladder and adjacent muscles and tissues
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| Cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| Hydronephrosis | distention of the kidney pelvis and calyces with urine behind the obstruction
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| Lithiasis | stone formation
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| Lithotripsy | crushing of renal calculi
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| Neurogenic Bladder | dysfunctional urinary bladder due to lesion of central or peripheral nervous system
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| Pyelonephritis | upper urinary tract inflammation affecting the kidney and renal pelvis
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| Renal Colic | acute, severe, intermittent pain in the flank and upper outer abdominal quadrant generally associated with acute obstruction of a ureter and resulting in ureteral spasm
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| Ureteral Stent | thin catheter is inserted into the ureter to provide for urine flow and urethral support
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| Uretroplasty | surgical repair of a ureter
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| Urinary Calculi | calculi or stones in the urinary tract
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| Urinary Diversion | procedure to provide for urine collection and drainage following cystectomy. Most common is the ileal conduit,
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| Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) | rapid decline in renal function with azotemia and fluid and electrolyte imbalances
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| Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) | syndrome of abrupt and progressive decline in tubular and glomerular function
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| Azotemia | increased blood levels of nitrogenous waste products
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| Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | presence of kidney damage for 3 or more months with loss of nephron units and decreased renal mass leading to progressive deterioration of glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and reabsorption
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| Dialysis | diffusion of solute molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
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| Glomerulornephritis | inflammation of the capillary loops of the glomeruli
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| Hemodialysis | procedure in which electrolytes, waste products, and excess water are removed from the body by diffusion and ultrafiltration as blood passes by an artificial semipermeable membrane outside the body
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| Kidney Failure | inability of the kidneys to effectively remove accumulated metabolites from the blood, leading to altered fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
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| Nephrectomy | surgical removal of the kidney
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| Nephrotic Syndrome | condition marked by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edem
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| Oliguria | urine output of less than 400 mL in 24 hours
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| Peritoneal Dialysis | procedure in which electrolytes , waste products, and excess water are removed from the body by diffusion using the peritoneum surrounding the abdominal cavity as the dialyzing membrane
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| Proteinuria | abnormal proteins in the urine
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| Ultrafiltration | removal of excess body water using a hydrostatic pressure gradient
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| Uremia | urine in the blood
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| Ecchymoses | flat irregularly shaped bruising of varying size with no pulsation
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