6th Grade Science: Unit 3 - Wind & Heat Transfer
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| show | Cold air is more dense than warmer air, so cold air sinks.
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| What does denser air do to the surface of Earth? | show 🗑
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| show | The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure is wind.
The differences in air pressure that cause winds, are primarily driven by the sun's uneven heating of the Earth's surface
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| show | faster
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| show | the poles
The cold temperatures in polar regions cause air to contract, become denser, and sink, creating a high-pressure system.
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| show | at the equator
Warm air at the equator rises. As it rises, it becomes less dense, leading to lower pressure at the surface.
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| What are convection cells? | show 🗑
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| What would happen to the winds if the Earth was not rotating? | show 🗑
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| show | The Coriolis Effect makes things (like planes or currents of air) traveling long distances around Earth appear to move at a curve as opposed to a straight line.
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| In the Northern Hemisphere, air curves to the _____ and in the Southern Hemisphere, air curves to the _______. | show 🗑
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| show | Global winds are the main wind belts that move across the Earth in a steady direction.
(1) Polar Easterlies (2) Westerlies (3) Trade Winds
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| show | Trade winds are consistent winds that blow almost constantly toward the equator from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern
The trade winds curve west, due to the Coriolis Effect.Hemisphere
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| show | The winds are called "trade winds" because early sailors relied heavily on their consistent easterly direction to navigate trade routes across the oceans
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| What are westerlies winds? Which way do the westerlies winds curve? | show 🗑
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| show | The westerlies can carry moist air over the continental United States, producing rain and snow.
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| show | Polar easterlies are cold, dry winds that originate from the polar highs (areas of high pressure around the North and South Poles) and blow from the east towards the west
The polar easterlies curve towards the west due to the Coriolis effect
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| show | They bring cold air masses and contributing to chilly weather, particularly during winter months, by pushing cold air from the Arctic towards lower latitudes.
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| What are the doldrums? | show 🗑
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| Why are winds calm at doldrums? | show 🗑
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| What are horse latitudes? Why was it given that name? | show 🗑
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| Describe jet streams. (How high above earth are the jet streams located? how big are they? How fast are they?) | show 🗑
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| How can a jet stream help airplanes? How fast are jet streams? | show 🗑
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| show | (1) Polar jet stream (2) Subtropical jet stream
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| Why there is uneven heating on the Earth's surface? | show 🗑
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| show | "Uneven heating of landforms" refers to the phenomenon where different parts of the Earth's surface, like land masses and bodies of water, absorb and radiate heat from the sun at different rates, causing variations in temperature across the globe, which in turn drives weather patterns like wind and ocean currents; essentially, land heats up faster than water due to its different heat capacity, leading to these variations in temperature.
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| show | Wind will blow towards an area with a higher temperature, lower density, and lower pressure because wind naturally moves from high pressure to low pressure areas.
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| What is a convection current? Describe an example of a convection current. | show 🗑
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| How does air move in a convection current? | show 🗑
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| show | Wind is the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure. The greater the pressure difference, the faster the wind moves.
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| show | Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances distances are called global winds.
Global winds are created by uneven heating of earth's surface. Near the equator, energy from the sun strikes Earth almost directly. Near the poles the same amount of energy is spread out over a larger area.
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| show | Temperature differences between the equator and poles produce giant convection currents. Warm air at the equator rises and sink at the poles . Air pressure is low at the equator and high at the poles. At Earth's surface, winds blow from the poles toward the equator. In the atmosphere, winds blow away from the equator toward the poles.
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| What is the relationship between global convection currents and trade winds? | show 🗑
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| Name the major wind belts. | show 🗑
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| show | Warm air that rises at the equator divides flow both north and south. At about 30 degrees north and south latitudes, the air stops moving toward the poles and sinks. In each of these regions, another belt of high-pressure air forms.
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| show | These steady easterly (come from the east) winds are at the 30 degree north and south latitudes toward the equator.
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| Which heats up faster -- land or water? What cools off faster – land or water? | show 🗑
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| How do particles flow (from areas of ___ pressure to ___ pressure)? In what direction does air move? | show 🗑
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| show | Temperature differences between 2 objects
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| show | the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.
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| show | a form of energy transfer from a hotter location to a cooler location.
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| What is conduction? Give an example. | show 🗑
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| What is convection? Give an example. | show 🗑
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| What is radiation? Give an example. | show 🗑
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| How are Conduction, Convection, and Radiation all similar? | show 🗑
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| How are Conduction, Convection, and Radiation all different? | show 🗑
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| Why is saying "heat rises" incorrect? | show 🗑
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| show | (1) Temperature difference (2) Surface area. (3) Material properties (4) Distance (5) State of matter
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| Why does it take more energy to heat a bathtub full of water than a pan of water to the same temperature? | show 🗑
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| Why is water considered a good insulator? | show 🗑
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| Describe how does a jacket keep you warm? | show 🗑
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| show | The greater the temperature difference between two objects, the faster heat will transfer between them.
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| show | A larger surface area in contact between objects allows for more thermal energy to be transferred.
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| show | Different materials conduct heat at different rates, with metals generally having high thermal conductivity and transferring heat quickly, while materials like wood or plastic have low conductivity.
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| How does distance affect the rate of thermal energy transfer? | show 🗑
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| How does state of matter affect the rate of thermal energy transfer? | show 🗑
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