class 10-08 exam 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Alveolus | microscopic air sac within the lung, where gas exchange takes place
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| Apnea | cessation of breathing after expiration
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| Bronchial Tree | the bronchi and their branches that carry air from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs
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| Bronchus | a primary branch of the trachea that leads to the lung
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| Bronchioles | a small branch of a bronchus within the lung
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| Cellular Respiration | the utilization of O2 by the cells to produce energy (ATP), CO2 and H2O
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| Cricoid Cartilage | ring-shaped mass of cartilage at the base of the larynx
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| Dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing
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| Eupnea | normal (quiet) breathing
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| External Respiration | exchange of gases between alveoli and blood
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| Hyperventilation | prolonged rapid and deep breathing
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| Hypoventilation | decrease in respiratory rate, very slow and shallow breathing
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| Hypoxemia | deficiency of O2 in arterial blood
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| Hypoxia | deficiency of O2 reaching the tissues and cells
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| Ischemic hypoxia | because of diminished blood flow
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| Anemic hypoxia | because of diminished RBCs and Hemoglobin
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| Internal Respiration | exchange of gases between the blood and tissues (or body cells)
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| Pulmonary Ventilation | process of mechanically moving air into and out of the lungs
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| Respiration | the entire process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells
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| Respiratory Cycle | one inspiration followed by one expiration
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| Surface Tension | the force that adheres moist membranes due to the attraction of water molecules
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| Tachypnea | increased breathing (frequency) but not necessarily an increase in tidal volume
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| Upper Respiratory Tract | includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx
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| Lower Respiratory Tract | include the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs
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| Acid | An "acidic" solution has a pH less than 7
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| Anion | Negative charged ions
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| Base (Alkali) | An alkaline (base) solution has a pH greater than 7
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| Buffer | A buffer is the conjugate (combined) base of a weak acid; it accepts and relinquishes H+, thereby minimizing changes in free H+ concentration
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| Cation | Positive charged ions
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| C02 | Carbon dioxide
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| C3H603 | Lactic acid
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| Electrolyte | Substance that dissolves in water and results in a solution that conducts an electric current
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| Electric charge symbols | Plus (+) and minus (-) indicate that the substance in question is ionic in nature and has an imbalanced distribution of electrons This is the result of chemical breakdown
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| HC03- | Bicarbonate
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| H2C03 | Carbonic acid
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| Homeostasis | Defined as balance In the body pH is maintained by buffer systems
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| H+ | Hydrogen
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| ion | An atom or group of bonded atoms which have lost or gained one or more electrons, making them negatively or positively charged
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| Oxidation | describes the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion
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| pH | Stands for the power of H, or the amount of H+ ions acids or bases take or contribute in solution Express acidity, basicity, and neutrality of a solution
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| Reduction | describes the gain of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion
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| Assimilation | the utilization of nutrients by living tissue and cells
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| Absorption | the movement of nutrients into the circulatory system. Molecules of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids and glycerol go from inside the intestines into the circulating fluids of the body
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| Bolus | a mass of food and saliva that is ready to be swallowed
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| Chyme | a semi-fluid mixture of food and gastric juice
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| Digestion | the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of the resulting nutrients by cells
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| Defecation | the elimination of indigestible substances from the Ingestion - the taking in of food into the mouth, i. e. bowel movement
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| Mechanical digestion | the process of breaking food down into smaller pieces without altering the chemical composition
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| Colostomy | opening surgically created in the colon to divert intestinal contents after lower portions of the bowel are surgically removed
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| Constipation | decreased passage of bowel movement or hard dry feces
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| Diarrhea | frequent loose stools page 56
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| Defecation | elimination of bowel wastes
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| Enema | instillation of solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon
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| Feces | stool; waste products eliminated through the colon
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| Flatulence | gas
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| Hemorrhoids | enlarged vein inside or outside of the rectum
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| Ileostomy | opening surgically created at the point of ileum to divert intestinal contents after lower portions of the bowel are surgically removed
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| Impaction | presence of fecal mass too large or hard to pass voluntarily
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| Ostomy | opening into the intestine that diverts feces from its normal pathway
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| Stoma | artificial opening into the intestine
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