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68wm6 Resp & Cardio
class 10-08 exam 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alveolus | microscopic air sac within the lung, where gas exchange takes place |
| Apnea | cessation of breathing after expiration |
| Bronchial Tree | the bronchi and their branches that carry air from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs |
| Bronchus | a primary branch of the trachea that leads to the lung |
| Bronchioles | a small branch of a bronchus within the lung |
| Cellular Respiration | the utilization of O2 by the cells to produce energy (ATP), CO2 and H2O |
| Cricoid Cartilage | ring-shaped mass of cartilage at the base of the larynx |
| Dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| Eupnea | normal (quiet) breathing |
| External Respiration | exchange of gases between alveoli and blood |
| Hyperventilation | prolonged rapid and deep breathing |
| Hypoventilation | decrease in respiratory rate, very slow and shallow breathing |
| Hypoxemia | deficiency of O2 in arterial blood |
| Hypoxia | deficiency of O2 reaching the tissues and cells |
| Ischemic hypoxia | because of diminished blood flow |
| Anemic hypoxia | because of diminished RBCs and Hemoglobin |
| Internal Respiration | exchange of gases between the blood and tissues (or body cells) |
| Pulmonary Ventilation | process of mechanically moving air into and out of the lungs |
| Respiration | the entire process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells |
| Respiratory Cycle | one inspiration followed by one expiration |
| Surface Tension | the force that adheres moist membranes due to the attraction of water molecules |
| Tachypnea | increased breathing (frequency) but not necessarily an increase in tidal volume |
| Upper Respiratory Tract | includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx |
| Lower Respiratory Tract | include the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs |
| Acid | An "acidic" solution has a pH less than 7 |
| Anion | Negative charged ions |
| Base (Alkali) | An alkaline (base) solution has a pH greater than 7 |
| Buffer | A buffer is the conjugate (combined) base of a weak acid; it accepts and relinquishes H+, thereby minimizing changes in free H+ concentration |
| Cation | Positive charged ions |
| C02 | Carbon dioxide |
| C3H603 | Lactic acid |
| Electrolyte | Substance that dissolves in water and results in a solution that conducts an electric current |
| Electric charge symbols | Plus (+) and minus (-) indicate that the substance in question is ionic in nature and has an imbalanced distribution of electrons This is the result of chemical breakdown |
| HC03- | Bicarbonate |
| H2C03 | Carbonic acid |
| Homeostasis | Defined as balance In the body pH is maintained by buffer systems |
| H+ | Hydrogen |
| ion | An atom or group of bonded atoms which have lost or gained one or more electrons, making them negatively or positively charged |
| Oxidation | describes the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion |
| pH | Stands for the power of H, or the amount of H+ ions acids or bases take or contribute in solution Express acidity, basicity, and neutrality of a solution |
| Reduction | describes the gain of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion |
| Assimilation | the utilization of nutrients by living tissue and cells |
| Absorption | the movement of nutrients into the circulatory system. Molecules of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids and glycerol go from inside the intestines into the circulating fluids of the body |
| Bolus | a mass of food and saliva that is ready to be swallowed |
| Chyme | a semi-fluid mixture of food and gastric juice |
| Digestion | the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of the resulting nutrients by cells |
| Defecation | the elimination of indigestible substances from the Ingestion - the taking in of food into the mouth, i. e. bowel movement |
| Mechanical digestion | the process of breaking food down into smaller pieces without altering the chemical composition |
| Colostomy | opening surgically created in the colon to divert intestinal contents after lower portions of the bowel are surgically removed |
| Constipation | decreased passage of bowel movement or hard dry feces |
| Diarrhea | frequent loose stools page 56 |
| Defecation | elimination of bowel wastes |
| Enema | instillation of solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon |
| Feces | stool; waste products eliminated through the colon |
| Flatulence | gas |
| Hemorrhoids | enlarged vein inside or outside of the rectum |
| Ileostomy | opening surgically created at the point of ileum to divert intestinal contents after lower portions of the bowel are surgically removed |
| Impaction | presence of fecal mass too large or hard to pass voluntarily |
| Ostomy | opening into the intestine that diverts feces from its normal pathway |
| Stoma | artificial opening into the intestine |
Created by:
jason.flora
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