68W-M6 Human Growth and Development
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| Growth | Progressive anatomic and physiologic increase in size
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| Development | increase in function or the gradual process of change and differentiation; Simple to complex
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| Development is affected by: | Experiences, genes, family, environment
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| personality | unique combination of characteristics that results in the individual's recurrent behavior pattern
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| life expectancy | the average number of years a person will probably live, around 77 years
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| Infant mortality rate | refers to the number of deaths before the end of the first year of life
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| neonatal | first 30 days of life
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| infancy | 30 days to 1 year
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| toddler | 1 to 3 years
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| preschool | 3 to 5 years
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| school age | 6 to 12 years
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| adolescence | 13 to 19 years
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| early adulthood | 20 to 40 years
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| middle adulthood | 40 to 65 years
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| late adulthood | 65 and older
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| the ID | the unconscious self that is present at birth, seeks pleasure, survival, reduce tension, comfort. Does not change with experience
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| the EGO | the reality factor (pragmatic) stand for reason and good sense.
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| the SUPEREGO | learns ti delay immediate gratification for socially appropriate reaasons, moral guidance/conscience. Develops from ego. Self observation and formation of ideas
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| Developmental Task: Infancy | Basic trust vs mistrust
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| Developmental Task: Toddler | Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt
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| Developmental Task: Preschool | Initiative vs guilt
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| Developmental Task: School age | Industry vs inferiority
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| Developmental Task: Adolescence | Identity vs Role confusion
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| Developmental Task: Young Adult | Intimacy vs Isolation
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| Developmental Task: Middle Adult | Generativity vs stagnation
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| Developmental Task: Late Adult | Ego Integrity vs despair
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| Psychosocial Development Theory | Erikson
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| Theory of Cognitive Development | Piaget
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| Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years) | Intelligence gained and developed through sense and motor activity. Knowledge of world limited. Object permanence (7 month) Cause and effect, time of day
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| Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years) | Egocentric, attributes life to inanimate objects, understand one bit of information and a time but not abstract relationships, launguage develops, pretend play, logic, rules
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| Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years) | 7 types of conservation: Numbers, Length, Liquid, Mass, Weight, Area, Volume. Egocentric thought diminishes, realistic understanding of world, present oriented
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| Formal Operational (Adolescense to Adulthood) | Intelligence demonstated through the use of logic, symbols, abstract concepts. Early return to egocentrism, future oriented, morality
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| Nuclear family | Married man and woman, with or w/o children
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| Extended family | nuclear plus family members, same household
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| Single parent family | divorce, seperation, death, abandonment.
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| Blended Family | Stepfamily, results from remarriage, conflicting loyalty, can bea fearful of love and trust
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| Social Contract Family/Cohabitation | Unmarried couple living together
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| Homosexual Family | Same sex couple, children natural or adopted
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| Adoptive Family | Family with adopted children
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| Foster Family | Natural parents unable to care for children, temporary usually
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| Infant Vital Signs | Temp, Pulse, Resp Rates above adult norms, B/P lower
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| Infants can sit up unsupported and crawl usually at: | 7 months
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| Infants can creep at: | 9 months
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| Infants can stand and walk usually by: | 8-15 months
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| Infant language development | Babbles at 3 months, 1 word used in a row for each year of age
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| Breast Milk (or formula) is used exculsively for: | 4-6 months
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| Infants require about how many hours of sleep? | 18 hours
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| Infant play is: | solitary
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| Toddler vocabulary by age 2 | 450 words
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| Toddler vocabulary by age 3 | 900 words
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| Primary teeth erupt at age: | 2 years
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| Toddler vital signs: | Pulse 90-120, BP 80 to 100 over 64, Temp 98-99, Resp 20-30
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| Rule of thumb for serving sizes: | 1 Tablespoon for each year of age
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| Toddler play is: | parallel
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| Preschooler's vision | farsighted, 20/20 develops by age 5
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| Preschooler's vital signs | Pulse: 70-110, Resp 23, BP 110/60, Temp 97-99
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| Preschooler's play | Cooperative, pretend play, dramatic, imaginary friends
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| School age children's primary teeth erupts around age | 6 years, 4 each year
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| School age children's vital signs | Pulse 55-90, Resp 22-24, BP 110/65
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| Adolescence begins at: | Puberty; menarche in females, sperm production in males
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| presbyopia | farsightedness
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| presbycusis | hearing loss
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| Common threats to adequate diet: | poor oral health, lack of appetite, food intolerances, constipation, psychosocial, economic, loneliness, inability to shop or prepare meals
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| Factors affecting sleep: | alcohol, medications, caffeine, stress, noise, temperature
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| Freud's Theory of Growth and Development | Psychoanalytical
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