Cell Respiration and Metabolism
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| What 2 categories is metabolism divided into? | Catabolism and Anabolism
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| What type of metabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy and is the primary source of energy for making ATP? | Catabolism
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| What type of metabolism makes larger molecules and requires energy and is also the source of the body's large energy storage compounds? | Anabolism
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| All reactions in the body that involve energy transformation is call what? | Metabolism
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| The metabolic pathway by which glucose is converted into 2 pyruvic acid and does NOT require oxygen? | Glycolysis
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| Where does phosphorylation trap glucose? | Inside the cell
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| Glycolysis is exergonic and produces what 2 products? | Net 2 ATP's and 2 NADH's
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| In glycolysis _____ ATP are added and _____are produced for a net gain of _____ ATP. | 2/4/2
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| What organs store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen? | Liver, skeletal muscles and heart
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| What muscles use trapped glucose-6-phosphate for its own energy needs? | Skeletal muscles
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| What is the only organ that has glucose-6-phosphatase that removes the phosphate group so that it can secrete free glucose into the blood? | Liver
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| In the Cori Cycle the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules, including lactic acid, amino acids, and glyceral (occurs primarily in the liver) is called what? | Gluconeogenesis
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| What process begins when pyruvic acid formed by glycolysis enters the mitochondria? | Aerobic respiration
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| When does aerobic respiration begin? | When pyruvic acid formed by glycolysis enters the mitochondria
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| In aerobic respiration CO2 is clipped off pyruvic acid forming what? | Acetyl CoA (coenzyme A is a carrier for acetic acid)
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| During the Krebs cycle, in a series of reaction what is converted back to oxaloacetic acid to complete the pathway? | Citric acid
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| What does the Kreb Cycle produce in one cycle? | 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
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| What do you call a linked series of proteins on the cristae of the mitrochondria? | Electron transport chain
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| Energy that is used to take ADP and make ATP is called what? | Oxidative phosphorylation
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| What are 2 ways ATP is made? | Direct phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
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| What cells don't have a mitochondria and therefore use only the lactic acid pathway? | RBCs
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| Where does glycolysis take place? | Cytoplasm
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| Where does the krebs cycle take place? | Mitochondria
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| What 2 things does the Krebs cycle begin with and what do they form? | Acetyle CoA combining with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
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| What does the Krebs cycle produce? | 1 GTP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH
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| The ETC is a linked series of proteins located where in the cell? | Cristae of the mitochondria
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| What are the proteins that are found on the cristae of the mitochondria in the ETC? | FMN, coenzyme Q, and cytochromes
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| What comes from the Krebs cycle and carries electrons to the ETC? | NADH AND FADH2
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| Where is most of the ATP produced? | In the ETC of the mitochondria
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| What is the net production of ATP from glycolysis to the ETC? | 26 ATP produced in ETC, 2 from glycolysis, 2 from direct phosphorylation in Krebs For a total of 30 ATPs for each glucose
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| What is it called when ATP is formed when bonds are weak? | Direct phosphorylation
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| Through what process is ATP formed in glycolysis and Krebs? | Direct phosphorylation
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| Through what process is ATP formed in the ETC? | Oxidative phosphorylation in Krebs
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| Direct phosphorylation is the formation of ATP during what cycles of metabolism? | Glycolysis and Krebs
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| When FAD and NAD are reduced they become what? | FADH2 and NADH
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