Clinical Psych Exam 2
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show | Beneficence and Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for People's Rights an Dignity
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What are the "four horsemen" of professional ethics? | show 🗑
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show | when the therapist protects the client's privacy and, except in specific circumstances, does not reveal information that the client shares in therapy
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show | when clinicians will be professionally responsible and practice only within their areas of expertise
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What is informed consent? | show 🗑
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show | the therapist's obligation to maintain therapeutic boundaries or a therapeutic "framework" so that the therapist's personal interests does not conflict with the patient's best interests
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What are the therapeutic factors of group therapy? | show 🗑
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show | Heterogenous groups are easier to form. They also have the advantage of exposing members to a wide range of people and perspectives.
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show | They facilitate a direct focus on the common problem that motivated each member to enter treatment.
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show | Cognitive-Behavioral groups that focus on learning and on sharing information rather than on group process; effectively used for depression, anxiety, trauma related to terrorism, alcohol abuse, chronic pain, and obesity
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show | when the therapist sees both members of the couple at the same time
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show | when members of a couple are seen separately when they want help to end a marraige or relationshp with minimum conflict over property or child custody
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What is triangulation? | show 🗑
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What is the identified client? And what his/her typical characteristics? | show 🗑
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What behavioral methods are used in the Ecological Family Intervention and Therapy (EcoFIT) model? | show 🗑
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show | it allows therapists to work with both parents and childre and directly coaches parents about how to interact with their child; effective with oppositional defiant disorder and separation anxiety disorder
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show | to help individuals adapt to and cope with their environment, to understand the causes of disorders more broadly, and to modify community-level causes before they have an opportunity to negatively influence individuals and groups
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show | it suggests that people's behavior develops out of their interavtions with all aspects of their environment: physical, social, political, and economic
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What are the prominent factors that lead to the development of community psychology? | show 🗑
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What differentiates community psychology from traditional clinical psychology? | show 🗑
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show | those who are drawn from the very groups that will receive their services
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What is dissemination research? | show 🗑
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show | tertiary, secondary, and primary
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show | indicated prevention intervention; lessening the severity of disorders and reducing short-term and long-term consequences of mental health problems
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What is secondary prevention? | show 🗑
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show | universal mental health prevention; involves avoiding the development of disorders by either modifying environments or strengthening indivuals so that they are not susceptible to those disorders in the first place
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What is self-help? | show 🗑
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show | reading books about how to deal with psychological problems
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What can bibliotherapy be effective for? | show 🗑
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show | complementary/alternative medicine includes herbology, chiropractic methods, massage therapy, nutrition, applied kinesiology, and biofeedback
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show | having a guiding faith and having a supportive faith-based communicay can help kids in harsh psychosocial environments, prayer and spirituality helps against cancer, HIV/AIDS, and stress; also, higher quality of life and fewer physical and MH problems
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show | intentionally bringing one's attention to the internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment
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What is psychotherapy integration? | show 🗑
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show | when clinicians select assessment and treatment methods from all those available in the field
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What is theoretical integration? | show 🗑
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show | when clincians seek the variables that are ommon to all (or most) effective treatments
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What is assimilative integration? | show 🗑
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show | determine the efficacy of treatment, compare th relative effectiveness of different treatments, assess components responsible for changes, assess durability of benefits, identify negative side effects, determine significance and cost-effectiveness
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What is the most powerful research design? | show 🗑
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show | when different groups of clients are eposed to diffeenting treatments and the amount and type of changes observed in each group are compared
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show | when clients get a single kin of treatment, but the experimenter alters it in some way at various points and observes any changes in behavior that might occur
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What is the reversal/ABAB design? | show 🗑
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What is the multiple-baseline design? | show 🗑
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What are factorial experiments? | show 🗑
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show | those exposed to procedures that are impressive enough to generate expectations for improvement but involve no formal treatment methods
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What is dismantling? | show 🗑
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When is an experiment said to have high internal validity? | show 🗑
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show | if their results are applicable, or generalizable, to clients, problems, and situations other thn those included in the experiment
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show | when something works in large-scale studies run under controlled circumstanes; when something is available and useful in the real world of clinical service delivery
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What is analog research? | show 🗑
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What are the advantages of analog research? | show 🗑
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show | client characteristics (varies), target problem (less of a grand scale), therapist characteristics (less knowledge, more specific training), and treatment techniques (by the book)
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show | improvement without any special treatment
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show | different reseachers have used different standards in selecting the outcome studies they survey, evaluating the wuality of these studies, interpreting the magnitude of therapy effects, and combining the results of many studies to reach their conclusion
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What happens in a box score review? | show 🗑
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show | a quantitative technique that standardizes the outcomes of a large number of studies so they can be compared or combined
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What is the effect size? | show 🗑
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What are the criticisms of EST Research? | show 🗑
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What is evidence-based priace in psychology (EBPP)? | show 🗑
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show | transporting lab-based treatments to clinic, implementation, dissemination of treatments to clinicians and clients
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What is implementation? | show 🗑
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show | strong therapeutic alliance, higher levels of empathy, stronger goal consensus and collaboration with client
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Which client variables are associated with a better outcome? | show 🗑
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show | when the group is cohesive, provides accuate feedback to members, and enfcourages interpersonal larning and suppotive interactions
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What has research shown about the effectiveness of couples therapy? | show 🗑
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show | behavioral and structural family therapies (behavioral parent training, parent management training, parent-child interaction therapy)
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show | for families fom disadvantaged backgrounds
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For what problems does bibliotherapy appear more effective for? | show 🗑
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What is developmental psychopathology? | show 🗑
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What are the characteristics unique to clinical child psychology? | show 🗑
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show | mostly children rely on their parents and other adults in order to gain access to mental health services
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show | legal commitment to confidentiality does not estrict clinicans from disclosing client information to parents or guardians (if adolescent, it makes them wary of sharing information with the therapist)
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show | where they live, what type of job they have, when they go to bed and wake up, with whom they spend their time, what they eat, and how they run their lives are less in their control if there is even any control at all
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show | a phenomenon such as when the majority of adolescent girls experience poor body image
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show | the appropriateness of children's behavior must be evalueated in light of the developmental stage they are in at the time
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What is the recipocal or bidirectional view of parent-child interaction? | show 🗑
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What is a reinforcement trap? | show 🗑
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What are risk factors? | show 🗑
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show | Parents' verbal arguments and fighting are associated with increased emotional/behavioral problems in children and adolescents
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What problems are associated with physical abuse in children? | show 🗑
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Under what nature of sexual abuse if the child more psychologically harmed? | show 🗑
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Sexual abuse is associated with higher risks of what? | show 🗑
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show | externalizing range of behavior such as aggression, conduct disorcer, and oppostiional defiant disorder
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What are the difficulties in classifying childhood disorders? | show 🗑
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show | the co-occurence of two or more disorders within the same person
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What is the difference between externalizing problems and internalizing problems? | show 🗑
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show | inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity
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What is ODD? | show 🗑
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What is CD? | show 🗑
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What is characteristic of children with autism? | show 🗑
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show | repitition of whatever one hears
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What is characteristic of children with asperger's? | show 🗑
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What is play therapy? | show 🗑
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What are the negative effects of pharmacological interventions with children? | show 🗑
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What is the most effective treatment for childhood disorders? | show 🗑
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What training is more effective with children? Adolescents? | show 🗑
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show | no documented benefits to child clients
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What is the biopsychosocial model? | show 🗑
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show | the father of modern behavioral medicine because he insisted that psychological and emotional factors must be considered in oder to understand and treat various diseases
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show | the nagative emotional and physiological process that occurs as people try to adjust to or deal with environmental circumstances that disrupt, or threaten to disrupt, their daily functioning beyond their ability or perceived abaility to cope
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What is a stressor? | show 🗑
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show | physical psychological, cognitive, and behavioral responses that people display in the face of stressors
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show | a pattern of responses in the central and autonomic nervous system discovered by Hans Selye: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustions
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What is the alarm reaction in the GAS? | show 🗑
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What is the stage of resistance in the GAS? | show 🗑
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show | when various organ systems begin to malfunction or break down
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What is immunosuppression? | show 🗑
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What are the three important stress resistance factors? | show 🗑
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What is coping? | show 🗑
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What is the difference between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping? | show 🗑
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What are the positive characteristics of personality? What do they do? | show 🗑
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What has research found regarding social support? | show 🗑
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What is the direct-effect model? | show 🗑
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show | Type A behavior; hostile individuals have significantly stronger physiological responses to stress than less hostile indivduals; depression also increases the risk
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What are the interventions of CHD? | show 🗑
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show | pain experienced by individuals who have lost a limb
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What are the inventions for cancer? | show 🗑
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show | getting nauseated even before receiving drugs
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What is compliance/adherence? | show 🗑
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show | miscommunication between physicians and patients (confusion), antagonism toward physician, complexity/discomfort associated with treatment, and simply not being able to remember what to do and when to do it
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show | educating patents about importance, modifying treatment to make adherence easier, using behavioral and cognitive-behavioral techniques such as self-monitoring, reminder cues, and other tools to increase ability to adhere
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What is the health belief model? | show 🗑
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What is a contingency contract? | show 🗑
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What is forensic psychology? | show 🗑
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What do clinical psychologists address in forensic psych? | show 🗑
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What does law enforcement psychology involve? | show 🗑
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What is the psychology of litigation concerned with? | show 🗑
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show | the delivery of psychological services to indivduals serving jail sentences fter having been convicted of a crime
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show | a mechanism for indiviuals to seek dress or the ham they have suffered from the wrongful acts of another party
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show | when defendants are prosecuted for wrongful behavior and are punished in an attempt to maintain society's overall sense of justice
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What is the workers' compensation law? | show 🗑
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What are civil competencies? | show 🗑
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What is a competent individual expected to be? | show 🗑
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What disrupts the validity of psychological autopsies? | show 🗑
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What is criminal profiling? | show 🗑
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What is the most common recommendation in custody battles? | show 🗑
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show | when a mediator heops the parties agree on a resolution of their differences by providing a safe environment for communication and by helping them explore various options
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show | clinicians that help clients address parenting issues by focusong on the developmental and emotional needs o the children and to resolve among themselves issues that otherwise would have to be decided by a judge in an adversarial setting
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What can experts testify about? | show 🗑
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show | opinion as to wehther a defendant is competent to stand trial or was sane at the time of offense, whether a party was competent to make a will, which two parents would make a better guardian, or another other opinion
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What is the most common reason for the loss of a state license? | show 🗑
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What is the most common complaint in malpractice lawsuits? | show 🗑
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show | a focus on understanding and promoting personal growth and human potential
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What is dissemination | show 🗑
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What are mirror neurons? | show 🗑
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What is translational research? | show 🗑
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show | to gauge the client's likelihood of medical utilizations, terminations, and dissatisfactions
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What are some institutional barriers of medical utilization? | show 🗑
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What are some psychological barriers of medical utilization? | show 🗑
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What is YAVIS and HOUND? | show 🗑
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show | training of minority professionals, training of non-minorities aware of ethnic differences, ethnic specific therapies, ethnic matching
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What three methods are used to study ethnic matching? | show 🗑
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show | does not achieve better outcomes; effective in preventing premature termination; different matching based on ethnicity (e.g. latino focuses on language); client high on mistrust more likely benefit from ethnic matching
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What are the factors that contributed to the emergencence of community psychology? | show 🗑
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show | focuses on environment/neighborhood, changes whole systems, prevents, enhances competence, strengthens community, seeking v. waiting, collaboration with non-professionals, community empowerment, public education, social reform/advocacy
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Systems theory focuses on looking at what two things? | show 🗑
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What is cybernetic epistemology? | show 🗑
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show | abuse and emotional problems
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show | enmeshed - everyone involved with each other but closed off from the world; disengaged - no one involved with each other and infused with the world; healthy - involved with both family as well as world
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What did Virginia Satir say about family roles? | show 🗑
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What did Virginia Satir Experiental Family Therapy say was the cause of family dysfunction? | show 🗑
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show | to produce emotinal experiences during sessions; to encourage statements of real feelings between family members
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show | modeling, leveling (honest w/ one another), sculpting (nonverbal expression of relationships), touching (connection is powerful), drawing (like sculpting), props (e.g. rope)
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Who is Salvador Minuchin? | show 🗑
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show | enactment while staging an interaction, acting against or supporting at the expense of another, throwing off the family system
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show | developmental issues, separation anxiety, ability to elate interpersonally, ability to concentrate, mood/quality of play, age-appropriateness of play, themes/areas of conflict
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show | the acting out of inner emotions
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show | redirecting socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable channels
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What toys are used in play therapy? | show 🗑
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show | getting an adequate sample size, random sample, treatment control/random assignment, statistic
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What did Eysenck's findings reveal regarding whether psychotherapy, eclectic treatment, or no treatment individuals showed more improvement | show 🗑
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show | controls were not necessarily matched with treatment groups, improvement measures varied between patient and clinician answers, different studies are measured instead of separately
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show | pro - able to assess significance level and effect sizes across studies, synthesis/evaluation; con - all published studies, subjective/bias
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show | when all treatment approaches seem to be equally effective (with behavioral as an exception)
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show | worthwhile necessary step, ethics, economies (managed care), scientific responsibility to make therapy useful
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show | reliability/validity of DSM, manuals disort therapy process, research participants differ from clients, high exclusion rates because they don't meet criteria, overemphasis on therapy form, and not generalizable
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show | smoking cessation/prevention, weight control, stress management, coping w/ invasive medical procedures
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According health psychology and pain, experienes are shaped by what? | show 🗑
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What evidence shows a will to live has an impact on mortality? | show 🗑
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show | western/modern medicine
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What is integrative medicine? | show 🗑
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What are the referral sources in forensic psychology? | show 🗑
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show | harm (such as not doing what you are at liberty to provide), exploitation (sexual advances), and disrespect (thing that demeans their dignity)
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What are the conditions of breaching confidentiality? | show 🗑
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show | Dr. Dippy (crazy), Dr. Evil (has malintent), Dr. Wonderful (warm, amazing), Dr. Rigid (stiff, distant), and Dr. Line Crosser (aggressive, romantic)
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What are the advantages of using cinematherapy? | show 🗑
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