Cell Cycle
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| Most cells in the body are in what phase of the cell cycle? | Interphase
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| What is the non-dividing stage of the cell cycle? | Interphase
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| Interphase is subdivided into what 3 stages? | G1, S, G2
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| What are proteins that promote different phases of the cell cycle? | Cyclins
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| Overactivity of genes that code for cyclins are associated with what disease? | Cancer
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| Genes whose mutations are associated with cancer are called what? | Oncogenes
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| What genes inhibit cancer development? | Tumor suppressor genes
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| What tumor suppressor gene encodes a transcription factor that halts cell division when DNA is damaged? | p53
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| Programmed cell death is refered to as what? | Apoptosis
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| Mutation in p53 are found in what percentage of all cancers? | 50%
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| In what 2 ways can cell death occur? | Necrosis or apoptosis
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| What type of cell death occurs when pathological changes kills a cell? | Necrosis
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| What type of cell death occurs as a normal physiological response? | Apoptosis
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| What type of cell death involves activation of cytoplasmic caspases, which leads to cell death? | Apoptosis
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| The phase in life when the cell divides is called what? | Mitosis
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| During mitosis what are condensed and duplicated? | Chromosomes
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| Chromosomes consist of 2 duplicate strands of __________ which are connected by _________. | Chromatids/centromere
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| Mitosis consists of what 4 stages? | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase
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| In what stage of mitosis do the chromosomes become visible distinct structures? | Prophase
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| In what stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up single file along the equator and are positioned there by spindle fibers? | Metaphase
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| During what stage of mitosis do the centromeres split and the spindle fibers pull each chromatid to opposite poles? | Anaphase
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| During what phase of mitosis does the cytoplasm divide producing 2 daughter cells? | Telephase
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| What is the term for when the cytoplasm divides during telephase? | Cytokinesis
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| Centrosome contain 2 what? | Centrioles
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| During what stage of interphase do the centrosome duplicated if the cell is going to divide? | G1
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| All animal cells have a centrosome located near the nucleus in what phase? | Interphase
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| Microtubules grow from centrosomes to form what? | Spindle fibers
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| What do the spindle fibers that grow from the centrosomes attatch to during mitosis? | The centromeres of the chromosomes
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| What are the non-coding regions of DNA located at the ends of chromosomes called? | Telomeres
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| What is the M stage of the cell cycle called? | Mitosis
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| Centrosomes replicates itself during what phase? | Interphase
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| The two identical centrosomes move away from each other during what phase of mitosis? | Prophase
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| Each time a cell divides, a length of ________is lost because DNA polymerase can't copy the very end of the DNA strand | Telemeres
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| What type of cell division occurs in the ovaries and testes to produce gametes? | Meiosis
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| In what type of cell division is there 2 divisional sequences in which the DNA is replicated once and divided twice? | Meiosis
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| During the 1st division of meiosis, what type of chromosome pair along the equator of the cell? | Homologous Chromosomes
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| After the 1st division of meiosis each daughter cell has how many differnt chromosomes consisting of how many chromatids? | 23/2
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| How is genetic recombination achieved? | Crossing over of the tetrads
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| When does crossing over occur? | During prophase 1
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| The cytoplasm divides to produce two haploid cells during what phase of meiosis? | Telephase I
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| What type of inheritance occurs when gene silencing is passed on to the daughter cells? | Epigenetic inheritance
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