biology final exam 2010
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| How many divisions does mitosis go through? | 1
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| How many divisions does meiosis go through? | 2
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| How many cells are produced from 1 mitotic division? | 2
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| How many cells are produced from 1 meiotic division? | 4
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| What type of cell division produces more variations? | meiosis
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| Includes pituary glands, thyroid glands, pancreas, and adrenal glands that release their products (hormones) into the bloodstream? | Endocrine system
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| Deliver messages throughout the body. Chemicals released into one part of the body that affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body? | Hormones
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| Formation of new individuals. Produces, stores, and releases specialized sex cells known as gametes? | Reproductive system
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| The fertilized egg produced? | Zygote
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| What is the shape of DNA as named by Watson and Crick? | twisted ladder, double helix
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| The copying of DNA? | Replication
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| The process of copying DNA onto mRNA in order to get the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins? | Transcription
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| The decoding of mRNA's message into a protein? | Translation
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| When a piece of the DNA is copied incorrectly of something happens to one of the chromosomes during cell division? | Mutation
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| TTA-GCC-AGT If the above strand is one side of the DNA, what would the other complementary side of the DNA strand be? | AAT-CGG-TCA
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| Using the typed original DNA strand (AAT-GCC-AGT), what would be the mRNA strand produced? | UUA-CGG-UCA
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| UUA-CGG-UCA How many amino acids would be produced from the mRNA above? | 3
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| factors that control traits? | genes
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| the passing of traits from parents to their young? | heredity
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| physical characteristics of an organism? | phenotype
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| genetic makeup of an organism? | genotype
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| form of a gene not expressed when paired with a dominant allele? | recessive
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| effects seen when 2 different alleles are present? | dominant
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| 2 unlike (different) genes for a trait? | heterozygous
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| 2 identical (same) genes for a trait? | homozygous
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| who is known as the "Father of Genetics"? | Gregor Mendel
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| Opening in roof of mouth and lip (they don't close properly) Will also have feeding and speech problems? | Cleft Palate
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| Cannot tell the difference between certain colors. Sex-linked. Affects more males? | Colorblindness
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| Blood clots more slowly or not at all. Sex-linked. Affects more males. (carried on the X chromosome)? | Hemophilia
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| Caused by an extra 21st chromosome. Causes mental retardation, and similar physical traits? | Down's Syndrome
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| (Achondroplasia) Lack in height, dominant trait. (person is shorter than normal)? | Dwarfism
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| Lack pigment in skin, hair, and eyes. (don't produce) Look white and must have protection from sun? | Albinism
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| What is the best place to search for fossils? | Sedimentary rock
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| In a rock column, where will the oldest fossils be found? | Bottom, lowest
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| An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance off survival? | adaption
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| interbreeding populations of organisms that can produce fertile offspring? | species
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| a change over time? | evolution
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| differences between individual members of a population (color of fur, shape of teeth)? | variation
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| preserved remains of ancient organisms? | fossils
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| scientist who study fossils? | paleontologists
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| survival of the fittest? | natural selection
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| formation of a new species? | Specification
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| The four functions of the skeletal system: | a. support and shape the body-without it the body would collapsed. protect delicate organs. bones are site of blood cell formation and they store mineralsd. anchors muscles and helps in movement
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| The seven levels of classification in order? | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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| Are bacteria Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? | Prokaryotic
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| Are Bacteria Unicellular or Multicellular? | Unicellular
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| Are viruses living when they are NOT inside another host cell? | NO
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| What is used to treat bacterial infections? | Antibiotics
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| What is used toprevent viral infections? | Vaccines
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| What is the function of the immune system? | Bodies main defense against pathogens
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| What is produced by the body when it is exposed to a pathogen(your body maintains the ability to produce these again at later exposures? | antibodies
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| Where do protists live? | water
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| Are Protists Prokaryotic of Eukaryotic | Eukaryotic
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| Are Protists Single celled or Multi celled | Single celled
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| Where do fungi like to live? | Dark, moist places
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| Are fungi Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic | Eukaryotic
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| Are fungi Autotrophs or Hetertrophs? | Hetertrophs
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| Are plants Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? | Eukaryotic
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| Are plants unicellular or multicellular? | multicellular
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| can make its own food (perform photosynthesis)? | autotroph
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| single large central roots? | taproots
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| clump of short, threadlike roots? | fibrous roots
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| -large -land environment -have true stems roots and leaves. Examples: club mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms? | vascular plant
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| -small -mostly found in water environments - no true stems roots or leaves Examples: algae, moss, liverworts? | non-vascular plants
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| seed bearing plant, wind or insect pollinated? | angiosperms
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| cone bearing plant, wind pollonated | gymnosperms
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| transports water from roots to the rest of the plant? | xylem
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| transports sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant? | phloem
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| pores or holes in the epidermis of the leaf that allow gas exchange | stomata
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| cells on each side of the stomata that control its opening and closing | guard cells
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| water that is lost through the stomata? | transpiration
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| tube sponge, bath sponge, and venus flower bascket | porifera
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| Portuguese man-of-war, moon jellyfish, coral reef, and sea anemone? | cnidaria
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| -planarians (free living)-liver-flukes (parasites)-tapeworms (parasites)? | platyhelminthes
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| hookworms, trinchinella, filaria worms | nematoda
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| -clams, oysters, scallops (aquatic)-snails, slugs-mostly terrestrial-octopus, squid-live in salt water | mollusca
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| -Fanworms (live in salt water)-earthworms (terrestrial-live on land)-leeches (most live in fresh water) | annelida
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| -trilobites (extinct)-ticks (parasite), spider, scorpion, (mostly terrestrial)-crab, crayfish, barnacles (mostly aquatic) -centipedes, millipedes, ant, beetles, fly's, grasshoppers (mostly terrestrial)? | arthropoda
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| -sea lily, sea star (star fish), brittle star, sea urchin, sand dollar, sea cucumber? | echinodermata
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| mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians? | vertebrata
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| List the steps of the Scientific Method in order: | a. observe and state a problem
b. form a hypothesis
c. test the hypothesisd
d. record and analyze data
e. form a conclusion f. repeat
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| List below the 7 characteristics of All Living Things: | a.made of cells
b.based on a genetic code (RNA or DNA)
c.responds to environment
d.grows and develops
e.reproduces
f.obtains and uses materials and energyg.maintains internal balance (homeostasis)
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| What are the basic units of structure and function of the nervous system? | neurons
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| Corn plant->grasshopper->rat->snake Who is the producer? | corn plant
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| Corn plant->grasshopper->rat->snake Who is the primary consumer? | grasshopper
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| Corn plant->grasshopper->rat->snake Who is the secondary consumer? | rat
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| Corn plant->grasshopper->rat->snake Who is the tertiary consumer? | snakes
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| relationship in which both species benefit? | mutualism Example: honeybees and flowers
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| relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped? | commensalism Example:whale and barnacle
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| relationship in which one species is helped and the other is harmed? | parasitism Example: Tick and Dog
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| permafrost, receives lots of precipitation, one of the coldest biomes on earth, and has a layer of permafrost? | tundra
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| warm temperatures year round, most plants and animals live here, biome with the largest amount of rain? | tropical rain forest
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| hot days, cool nights, one rainy season, gets less than 25 centimeters of rain per year? | desert
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| Carbohydrate main function? | main source of energy
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| lipid main function? | long term energy storage; forms cell membranes
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| proteins main function? | builds and repairs cells
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| nucleic acid main function? | transmits and stores genetic (hereditary) information
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| name the pathway food travels through your digestive system starting with the mouth? | mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
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| cells without a nucleus/very primitive (bacteria, blue green algae)? | prokaryotic
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| cells with a nucleus (all other living things)? | eukaryotic
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| 2 organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells? | centrioles and lysosomes
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| mitochondria nickname? | power house
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| ER nickname? | transport system
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| Lysosome nickname? | clean up crew
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| nucleus nickname? | control center
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| skeletal? | striated, voluntary, attached to bone
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| smooth? | not striated, involuntary, internal organs
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| cardiac? | striated, involuntary, heart
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| sunlight is converted into energy? | photosynthesis
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| sugar molecules are broken down into energy? | cellular respiration
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| occurs in the absence of oxygen in cytoplasm (does not require oxygen)? | anaerobic respiration
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| where does photosynthesis happen? | chloroplast
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| where does cellular respiration happen? | mitochondria
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| carry blood away from the heart? | arteries
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| smallest blood vessels; connects arteries to veins? | capillaries
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| carry blood back to the heart? | veins
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| where in the lungs does gas exchange occur? | alveoli
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| largest flat muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation; located along the bottom of the rib cage? | diaphragm
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| name the correct order for the 4 stages of mitosis? | a.prophase
b.metaphase
c.anaphase
d.telophase
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| list the four functions of the integumentary system? | a.protection(from ultraviolet radiation)
b.regulate body temperature
c.removes wastes from the body
d.barrier against infection and injury
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