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Biology2010FinalExam
biology final exam 2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many divisions does mitosis go through? | 1 |
| How many divisions does meiosis go through? | 2 |
| How many cells are produced from 1 mitotic division? | 2 |
| How many cells are produced from 1 meiotic division? | 4 |
| What type of cell division produces more variations? | meiosis |
| Includes pituary glands, thyroid glands, pancreas, and adrenal glands that release their products (hormones) into the bloodstream? | Endocrine system |
| Deliver messages throughout the body. Chemicals released into one part of the body that affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body? | Hormones |
| Formation of new individuals. Produces, stores, and releases specialized sex cells known as gametes? | Reproductive system |
| The fertilized egg produced? | Zygote |
| What is the shape of DNA as named by Watson and Crick? | twisted ladder, double helix |
| The copying of DNA? | Replication |
| The process of copying DNA onto mRNA in order to get the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins? | Transcription |
| The decoding of mRNA's message into a protein? | Translation |
| When a piece of the DNA is copied incorrectly of something happens to one of the chromosomes during cell division? | Mutation |
| TTA-GCC-AGT If the above strand is one side of the DNA, what would the other complementary side of the DNA strand be? | AAT-CGG-TCA |
| Using the typed original DNA strand (AAT-GCC-AGT), what would be the mRNA strand produced? | UUA-CGG-UCA |
| UUA-CGG-UCA How many amino acids would be produced from the mRNA above? | 3 |
| factors that control traits? | genes |
| the passing of traits from parents to their young? | heredity |
| physical characteristics of an organism? | phenotype |
| genetic makeup of an organism? | genotype |
| form of a gene not expressed when paired with a dominant allele? | recessive |
| effects seen when 2 different alleles are present? | dominant |
| 2 unlike (different) genes for a trait? | heterozygous |
| 2 identical (same) genes for a trait? | homozygous |
| who is known as the "Father of Genetics"? | Gregor Mendel |
| Opening in roof of mouth and lip (they don't close properly) Will also have feeding and speech problems? | Cleft Palate |
| Cannot tell the difference between certain colors. Sex-linked. Affects more males? | Colorblindness |
| Blood clots more slowly or not at all. Sex-linked. Affects more males. (carried on the X chromosome)? | Hemophilia |
| Caused by an extra 21st chromosome. Causes mental retardation, and similar physical traits? | Down's Syndrome |
| (Achondroplasia) Lack in height, dominant trait. (person is shorter than normal)? | Dwarfism |
| Lack pigment in skin, hair, and eyes. (don't produce) Look white and must have protection from sun? | Albinism |
| What is the best place to search for fossils? | Sedimentary rock |
| In a rock column, where will the oldest fossils be found? | Bottom, lowest |
| An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance off survival? | adaption |
| interbreeding populations of organisms that can produce fertile offspring? | species |
| a change over time? | evolution |
| differences between individual members of a population (color of fur, shape of teeth)? | variation |
| preserved remains of ancient organisms? | fossils |
| scientist who study fossils? | paleontologists |
| survival of the fittest? | natural selection |
| formation of a new species? | Specification |
| The four functions of the skeletal system: | a. support and shape the body-without it the body would collapsed. protect delicate organs. bones are site of blood cell formation and they store mineralsd. anchors muscles and helps in movement |
| The seven levels of classification in order? | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| Are bacteria Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? | Prokaryotic |
| Are Bacteria Unicellular or Multicellular? | Unicellular |
| Are viruses living when they are NOT inside another host cell? | NO |
| What is used to treat bacterial infections? | Antibiotics |
| What is used toprevent viral infections? | Vaccines |
| What is the function of the immune system? | Bodies main defense against pathogens |
| What is produced by the body when it is exposed to a pathogen(your body maintains the ability to produce these again at later exposures? | antibodies |
| Where do protists live? | water |
| Are Protists Prokaryotic of Eukaryotic | Eukaryotic |
| Are Protists Single celled or Multi celled | Single celled |
| Where do fungi like to live? | Dark, moist places |
| Are fungi Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic | Eukaryotic |
| Are fungi Autotrophs or Hetertrophs? | Hetertrophs |
| Are plants Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? | Eukaryotic |
| Are plants unicellular or multicellular? | multicellular |
| can make its own food (perform photosynthesis)? | autotroph |
| single large central roots? | taproots |
| clump of short, threadlike roots? | fibrous roots |
| -large -land environment -have true stems roots and leaves. Examples: club mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms? | vascular plant |
| -small -mostly found in water environments - no true stems roots or leaves Examples: algae, moss, liverworts? | non-vascular plants |
| seed bearing plant, wind or insect pollinated? | angiosperms |
| cone bearing plant, wind pollonated | gymnosperms |
| transports water from roots to the rest of the plant? | xylem |
| transports sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant? | phloem |
| pores or holes in the epidermis of the leaf that allow gas exchange | stomata |
| cells on each side of the stomata that control its opening and closing | guard cells |
| water that is lost through the stomata? | transpiration |
| tube sponge, bath sponge, and venus flower bascket | porifera |
| Portuguese man-of-war, moon jellyfish, coral reef, and sea anemone? | cnidaria |
| -planarians (free living)-liver-flukes (parasites)-tapeworms (parasites)? | platyhelminthes |
| hookworms, trinchinella, filaria worms | nematoda |
| -clams, oysters, scallops (aquatic)-snails, slugs-mostly terrestrial-octopus, squid-live in salt water | mollusca |
| -Fanworms (live in salt water)-earthworms (terrestrial-live on land)-leeches (most live in fresh water) | annelida |
| -trilobites (extinct)-ticks (parasite), spider, scorpion, (mostly terrestrial)-crab, crayfish, barnacles (mostly aquatic) -centipedes, millipedes, ant, beetles, fly's, grasshoppers (mostly terrestrial)? | arthropoda |
| -sea lily, sea star (star fish), brittle star, sea urchin, sand dollar, sea cucumber? | echinodermata |
| mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians? | vertebrata |
| List the steps of the Scientific Method in order: | a. observe and state a problem b. form a hypothesis c. test the hypothesisd d. record and analyze data e. form a conclusion f. repeat |
| List below the 7 characteristics of All Living Things: | a.made of cells b.based on a genetic code (RNA or DNA) c.responds to environment d.grows and develops e.reproduces f.obtains and uses materials and energyg.maintains internal balance (homeostasis) |
| What are the basic units of structure and function of the nervous system? | neurons |
| Corn plant->grasshopper->rat->snake Who is the producer? | corn plant |
| Corn plant->grasshopper->rat->snake Who is the primary consumer? | grasshopper |
| Corn plant->grasshopper->rat->snake Who is the secondary consumer? | rat |
| Corn plant->grasshopper->rat->snake Who is the tertiary consumer? | snakes |
| relationship in which both species benefit? | mutualism Example: honeybees and flowers |
| relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped? | commensalism Example:whale and barnacle |
| relationship in which one species is helped and the other is harmed? | parasitism Example: Tick and Dog |
| permafrost, receives lots of precipitation, one of the coldest biomes on earth, and has a layer of permafrost? | tundra |
| warm temperatures year round, most plants and animals live here, biome with the largest amount of rain? | tropical rain forest |
| hot days, cool nights, one rainy season, gets less than 25 centimeters of rain per year? | desert |
| Carbohydrate main function? | main source of energy |
| lipid main function? | long term energy storage; forms cell membranes |
| proteins main function? | builds and repairs cells |
| nucleic acid main function? | transmits and stores genetic (hereditary) information |
| name the pathway food travels through your digestive system starting with the mouth? | mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum |
| cells without a nucleus/very primitive (bacteria, blue green algae)? | prokaryotic |
| cells with a nucleus (all other living things)? | eukaryotic |
| 2 organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells? | centrioles and lysosomes |
| mitochondria nickname? | power house |
| ER nickname? | transport system |
| Lysosome nickname? | clean up crew |
| nucleus nickname? | control center |
| skeletal? | striated, voluntary, attached to bone |
| smooth? | not striated, involuntary, internal organs |
| cardiac? | striated, involuntary, heart |
| sunlight is converted into energy? | photosynthesis |
| sugar molecules are broken down into energy? | cellular respiration |
| occurs in the absence of oxygen in cytoplasm (does not require oxygen)? | anaerobic respiration |
| where does photosynthesis happen? | chloroplast |
| where does cellular respiration happen? | mitochondria |
| carry blood away from the heart? | arteries |
| smallest blood vessels; connects arteries to veins? | capillaries |
| carry blood back to the heart? | veins |
| where in the lungs does gas exchange occur? | alveoli |
| largest flat muscle responsible for inhalation and exhalation; located along the bottom of the rib cage? | diaphragm |
| name the correct order for the 4 stages of mitosis? | a.prophase b.metaphase c.anaphase d.telophase |
| list the four functions of the integumentary system? | a.protection(from ultraviolet radiation) b.regulate body temperature c.removes wastes from the body d.barrier against infection and injury |
Created by:
christinaR1234
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