Biology Final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| first generation(original parents) | parentals
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| alleles separate from one another during the formation of gamates | law of segregation
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| when a sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell of the same individual | self pollination
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| different forms of a gene | alleles
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| self-pollinating that results in the offspring being identical to their parent | true breeding
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| a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another | trait
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| there are dominant and recessive alleles, and the dominant allele masks the recessive | principle of dominance
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| genes for different traits are inherited independently from each other | law of independent asortment
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| scientist who studied pea plants.father of genetics | gregor mendel
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| chromosomes that have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent | homologous chromosomes
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| the process of reduction division in which sex cells are made | meiosis
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| cells that contain both sets of chromosomes | diploid
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| the seed can be broken in two sections9 contains two cotyledons) | dicots
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| have parallel veins | monocots
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| have flowers in multiples of 3 | monocots
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| the vascular bundles are scattered throught the stem | monocot
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| are anchored by a tap root | dicot
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| surrounds and protects the embryo and prevents drying out | seed coat
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| specialized tissue to conduct water and nutrients throught the plant | stems
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| transport subsystem that carries water up from the roots to the rest of the plant | xylem
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| 6co2 + 6h2o - c6h12o6 + 6o2 | photosynthesis equation
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| bear seeds i a layer of tissue that protects the seed | angio sperm
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| creeping underground stems from which fronds originate | rhizomes
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| substance that makes cell walls rigid so that the plant can go upright | lighen
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| hollow cells with thick cell walls that allow water to flow efficiently in the xylem | trachneids
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| plants life cycle is called | alternation of generations
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| holds the two strands of DNA molcule together | hydrogen bonds
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| proteins that DNA wraps around | histones
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| states that adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine | chargoffs rule
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| sites on DNA where unzipping and replication occur | replication forks
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| studied the causes of pneumonia in mice | griffith
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| proposed the first 3-D model of DNA | watson & crick
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| consists of a double ring | pure rings
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| homologues line up at the equator | metaphase 1
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| doesnt exist | interphase 2
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| chromosomes split at the centromere | meiosis
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| homologous chromosomes find each other and join in pairs | prophase 1
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| sigle, circular DNA found in bacteria | plasmid
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| cuts te DNA into specific sequences of nucleotides | restriction enzymes
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| produced from combining the DNA of two different species | transgenic organisms
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| "gluing" two DNA molecules together | splicing
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| is formed from spplicing enzymes joining natural and synthetic DNA together | recombinant DNA
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| making changes in the genetic code | genetic enginering
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| in mammals, the ----- turns into the spinal cord | dorsal hollow nerve cord
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| ----- the phylum that contains both vertebrate and nonvertebrate chordates | chordata
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| the ----- turns into he backbone in mammals | notocord
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| a subphylum of chordata that contains all vertebrates | vertebrada
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| ---- is when the fetus gets nutrients from the mothers body and is then born alive | viviparous
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| ---- controls body movement in fish | cerebrum
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| ---- is when the eggs catch outside the mothers body | oviparous
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| ---- is when egg hatch inside the mothers body but nutrients are obtained by the yolk | ovoviparous
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| an animal that regulates its internal body temperature by outside means | ectotherm
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| a body part found at the end of the beak that is used to break open the egg | egg tooth
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| a bird fossil that suggest reptiles are the ancestors of birds | archaeopterynx
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| mamals like kangaroos that give birth to young who stay in a pouch where they are nourished by milk until they reach maturation | marsupials
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| includes reptiles with long broad snouts like crocodiles and alligators | crocodillians
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| mammals like the duck-billed platypus who have eggs that hatch and then nourish their hatchlings with milk | monotremes
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| mammalslike humans who keep their young in the womb while nutirents and waste proucts pass through the surrounding membrane | placental mammals
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| includes reptiles with a hard shell built into their backbone like turtles | testudines
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| the order of frogs and toads | anura
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| seperates the venticle into two partial chambers | septum
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| includes scaly reptiles like lizards and snakes | squamata
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| new bird fossil that links a common ancestor to both retiles and birds | protoavis
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| tuataras are the only animals left in this class | sphenodonta
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| if i have a feather, pen, and pencil in a bag, what is the probablility that i will pick up the feather 3 times in a row? | 1/27
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| how would you show correct genotype for a homozygous dominant parent? | PP
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| describing the student as short would be describing the students----? | phenotype
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| if my husband has blood type A and i have blood type AB, what would NOT be a possible phenotype for our children? | O
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| skin color is an example of ----- | polygenic traits
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| addenine and guanine are ----- | purine basis
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| ---- has circular DNA | prokaryotes
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| ---- replication takes place in the nucleus | DNA/ Eukaryotes
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| ---- is a virus that infects a bacterium | bacteriophage
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| what does NOT make up the back bone of DNA? | sugars and phosphates
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| mickey mouse just recently had DNA analysis. Scientists found 12% Adennine in his cells. how much in percent is there of guanine, thymine, cytocine? | Adenine and thymine have 12% and cytosine and guanine have 38%.
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| proteins are made of chains of ----- | amino acids
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| each tRNA is very specific to the amino acid it carries. true or false | true
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| ribose and deoxyribose are both ----- | sugars
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| RNA does NOT contain ----- as a nitrogen base. | thymine
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| in eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA replication begins at a single point in the chromosome and proceeds in two directions? true or false? | true
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| mutations can be ----- | difficult
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| what are two frame shift mutations? | insertions/ deletions
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| " the fat cat went outside," being changed to "outside fat cat went the" is an example of a ----- mutation | inversion
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| crossing a buffalo and cattle to produce beefallo is an example of ----- | hybridization
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| if i needed to mae many copies of a particular gene, i would use ----- | PCR
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| what s often used as a genetic marker in plasmids? | bacteria
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| if i have a feather, pen, and pencil in a bag, what is the probablility that i will pick up the feather 3 times in a row? | 1/27
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| how would you show correct genotype for a homozygous dominant parent? | PP
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| describing the student as short would be describing the students----? | phenotype
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| if my husband has blood type A and i have blood type AB, what would NOT be a possible phenotype for our children? | O
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| skin color is an example of ----- | polygenic traits
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| addenine and guanine are ----- | purine basis
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| ---- has circular DNA | prokaryotes
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| ---- replication takes place in the nucleus | DNA/ Eukaryotes
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| ---- is a virus that infects a bacterium | bacteriophage
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| what does NOT make up the back bone of DNA? | sugars and phosphates
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| mickey mouse just recently had DNA analysis. Scientists found 12% Adennine in his cells. how much in percent is there of guanine, thymine, cytocine? | Adenine and thymine have 12% and cytosine and guanine have 38%.
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| proteins are made of chains of ----- | amino acids
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| each tRNA is very specific to the amino acid it carries. true or false | true
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| ribose and deoxyribose are both ----- | sugars
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| RNA does NOT contain ----- as a nitrogen base. | thymine
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| in eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA replication begins at a single point in the chromosome and proceeds in two directions? true or false? | true
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| mutations can be ----- | difficult
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| what are two frame shift mutations? | insertions/ deletions
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| " the fat cat went outside," being changed to "outside fat cat went the" is an example of a ----- mutation | inversion
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| crossing a buffalo and cattle to produce beefallo is an example of ----- | hybridization
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| if i needed to mae many copies of a particular gene, i would use ----- | PCR
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| what s often used as a genetic marker in plasmids? | bacteria
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| what are three uses of gel electrophoresis? | compares genomes of different organisms to locate specific genes; forensics; and molecular biology
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| DNA has a ----- charge | negative
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| ----- is continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics | inbreeding
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| if i wanted to see if a geneic disorder was the consequence of a chromosomal mutation, i would use a ----- | karyotype
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| if i wanted to see how a genetic disorder is inherited(dominant, recessive, codomoniant, etc), i would use a ----- | pedigree
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| no two people have the same DNA | true
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| if i am pregnant and want a boy, whose fault is it if i get a girl? | (dad) because he bought cheap condoms, ;)
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| humans have ----- chromosomes | 46
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| females have ----- chromosomes | x
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| chromosomes that are NOT sex chromosomes are called ----- | autosomes
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| trisomy 21 in a female is scientifically written as ----- | 47 xx + 21
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| if a person on a pedigree is recessive, their shape should not be colored. true or false | false
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| a male is represented on a pedigree by ----- | square
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| when can linked genes be separated? | crossing over
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| there are far more ----- with colorblindness | males
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| down syndrome, turners syndrome, kleinfelter's syndrome are all a result of ----- | non disjunction
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| ---- is a DNA used to get a DNA fingerprint | transgenic
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| what was the goal of the human genome project? | analyze human DNA sequence
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| ---- is the process of replacing a faulty gene with a working gene | gene therapy
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| we normally ----- use in gene therapy because they can be easily integrated into the cells DNA | viruses
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| the ----- helps us eliminate the nitrogen that can be harmful in our bodies | excretion
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| our muscles originated from what germ layer? | mesoderm
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| a ----- is an organism whose mouth is formed from the blastopore | protosome
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| ----- are the only animals without body symmetry | sponge
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| skin is an example of ------ tissue | epitherial
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| if an organism has a right and left side, they have ------- symmetry | bilateral
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| what are the characterisitcs of cnidarians? | soft bodied, symmetrical, carnivorous
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| the ------ are groups of cells that form an eyespot for detecting light | ocelli
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| jellyfish are always seen in the ------ stages | medusa
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| ----- are nerve cells that detect stimuli such as touch | nerve net
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| coral are solitary/ colonial? | colonial
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| ----- were the most primitive vertebrates | jawless fish
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| the most advanced fish today is ------ | bony fish
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| ------- is the muscular cavity found at the end of large intestine where waste, urine, eggs, and sperm leave the amphibians body | cloaca
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| amphibian eggs must be layed in ----- because they lack a ------ to prevent desiccation | water; shell
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| list three characteristics of reptiles | dry skin, lungs, terrestial eggs
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| list 5 characterisitcs of mammals | hair, mammary glands, breathe air, 4 chambered heart, endoderm
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| the system that regulates the release of hormones for body activities ------ system | indocrine
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| we belong to the order ------ | primates
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| parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma are all types of ----- | ground tissue
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| the main pigment used to harvest the suns energy is -------- and absourbs ------ light | chlorophyll/everything but green
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| the organelle found in plants algae where photosynthesis occurs is the ------ | chloroplast
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