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Biology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| first generation(original parents) | parentals |
| alleles separate from one another during the formation of gamates | law of segregation |
| when a sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell of the same individual | self pollination |
| different forms of a gene | alleles |
| self-pollinating that results in the offspring being identical to their parent | true breeding |
| a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another | trait |
| there are dominant and recessive alleles, and the dominant allele masks the recessive | principle of dominance |
| genes for different traits are inherited independently from each other | law of independent asortment |
| scientist who studied pea plants.father of genetics | gregor mendel |
| chromosomes that have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent | homologous chromosomes |
| the process of reduction division in which sex cells are made | meiosis |
| cells that contain both sets of chromosomes | diploid |
| the seed can be broken in two sections9 contains two cotyledons) | dicots |
| have parallel veins | monocots |
| have flowers in multiples of 3 | monocots |
| the vascular bundles are scattered throught the stem | monocot |
| are anchored by a tap root | dicot |
| surrounds and protects the embryo and prevents drying out | seed coat |
| specialized tissue to conduct water and nutrients throught the plant | stems |
| transport subsystem that carries water up from the roots to the rest of the plant | xylem |
| 6co2 + 6h2o - c6h12o6 + 6o2 | photosynthesis equation |
| bear seeds i a layer of tissue that protects the seed | angio sperm |
| creeping underground stems from which fronds originate | rhizomes |
| substance that makes cell walls rigid so that the plant can go upright | lighen |
| hollow cells with thick cell walls that allow water to flow efficiently in the xylem | trachneids |
| plants life cycle is called | alternation of generations |
| holds the two strands of DNA molcule together | hydrogen bonds |
| proteins that DNA wraps around | histones |
| states that adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine | chargoffs rule |
| sites on DNA where unzipping and replication occur | replication forks |
| studied the causes of pneumonia in mice | griffith |
| proposed the first 3-D model of DNA | watson & crick |
| consists of a double ring | pure rings |
| homologues line up at the equator | metaphase 1 |
| doesnt exist | interphase 2 |
| chromosomes split at the centromere | meiosis |
| homologous chromosomes find each other and join in pairs | prophase 1 |
| sigle, circular DNA found in bacteria | plasmid |
| cuts te DNA into specific sequences of nucleotides | restriction enzymes |
| produced from combining the DNA of two different species | transgenic organisms |
| "gluing" two DNA molecules together | splicing |
| is formed from spplicing enzymes joining natural and synthetic DNA together | recombinant DNA |
| making changes in the genetic code | genetic enginering |
| in mammals, the ----- turns into the spinal cord | dorsal hollow nerve cord |
| ----- the phylum that contains both vertebrate and nonvertebrate chordates | chordata |
| the ----- turns into he backbone in mammals | notocord |
| a subphylum of chordata that contains all vertebrates | vertebrada |
| ---- is when the fetus gets nutrients from the mothers body and is then born alive | viviparous |
| ---- controls body movement in fish | cerebrum |
| ---- is when the eggs catch outside the mothers body | oviparous |
| ---- is when egg hatch inside the mothers body but nutrients are obtained by the yolk | ovoviparous |
| an animal that regulates its internal body temperature by outside means | ectotherm |
| a body part found at the end of the beak that is used to break open the egg | egg tooth |
| a bird fossil that suggest reptiles are the ancestors of birds | archaeopterynx |
| mamals like kangaroos that give birth to young who stay in a pouch where they are nourished by milk until they reach maturation | marsupials |
| includes reptiles with long broad snouts like crocodiles and alligators | crocodillians |
| mammals like the duck-billed platypus who have eggs that hatch and then nourish their hatchlings with milk | monotremes |
| mammalslike humans who keep their young in the womb while nutirents and waste proucts pass through the surrounding membrane | placental mammals |
| includes reptiles with a hard shell built into their backbone like turtles | testudines |
| the order of frogs and toads | anura |
| seperates the venticle into two partial chambers | septum |
| includes scaly reptiles like lizards and snakes | squamata |
| new bird fossil that links a common ancestor to both retiles and birds | protoavis |
| tuataras are the only animals left in this class | sphenodonta |
| if i have a feather, pen, and pencil in a bag, what is the probablility that i will pick up the feather 3 times in a row? | 1/27 |
| how would you show correct genotype for a homozygous dominant parent? | PP |
| describing the student as short would be describing the students----? | phenotype |
| if my husband has blood type A and i have blood type AB, what would NOT be a possible phenotype for our children? | O |
| skin color is an example of ----- | polygenic traits |
| addenine and guanine are ----- | purine basis |
| ---- has circular DNA | prokaryotes |
| ---- replication takes place in the nucleus | DNA/ Eukaryotes |
| ---- is a virus that infects a bacterium | bacteriophage |
| what does NOT make up the back bone of DNA? | sugars and phosphates |
| mickey mouse just recently had DNA analysis. Scientists found 12% Adennine in his cells. how much in percent is there of guanine, thymine, cytocine? | Adenine and thymine have 12% and cytosine and guanine have 38%. |
| proteins are made of chains of ----- | amino acids |
| each tRNA is very specific to the amino acid it carries. true or false | true |
| ribose and deoxyribose are both ----- | sugars |
| RNA does NOT contain ----- as a nitrogen base. | thymine |
| in eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA replication begins at a single point in the chromosome and proceeds in two directions? true or false? | true |
| mutations can be ----- | difficult |
| what are two frame shift mutations? | insertions/ deletions |
| " the fat cat went outside," being changed to "outside fat cat went the" is an example of a ----- mutation | inversion |
| crossing a buffalo and cattle to produce beefallo is an example of ----- | hybridization |
| if i needed to mae many copies of a particular gene, i would use ----- | PCR |
| what s often used as a genetic marker in plasmids? | bacteria |
| if i have a feather, pen, and pencil in a bag, what is the probablility that i will pick up the feather 3 times in a row? | 1/27 |
| how would you show correct genotype for a homozygous dominant parent? | PP |
| describing the student as short would be describing the students----? | phenotype |
| if my husband has blood type A and i have blood type AB, what would NOT be a possible phenotype for our children? | O |
| skin color is an example of ----- | polygenic traits |
| addenine and guanine are ----- | purine basis |
| ---- has circular DNA | prokaryotes |
| ---- replication takes place in the nucleus | DNA/ Eukaryotes |
| ---- is a virus that infects a bacterium | bacteriophage |
| what does NOT make up the back bone of DNA? | sugars and phosphates |
| mickey mouse just recently had DNA analysis. Scientists found 12% Adennine in his cells. how much in percent is there of guanine, thymine, cytocine? | Adenine and thymine have 12% and cytosine and guanine have 38%. |
| proteins are made of chains of ----- | amino acids |
| each tRNA is very specific to the amino acid it carries. true or false | true |
| ribose and deoxyribose are both ----- | sugars |
| RNA does NOT contain ----- as a nitrogen base. | thymine |
| in eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA replication begins at a single point in the chromosome and proceeds in two directions? true or false? | true |
| mutations can be ----- | difficult |
| what are two frame shift mutations? | insertions/ deletions |
| " the fat cat went outside," being changed to "outside fat cat went the" is an example of a ----- mutation | inversion |
| crossing a buffalo and cattle to produce beefallo is an example of ----- | hybridization |
| if i needed to mae many copies of a particular gene, i would use ----- | PCR |
| what s often used as a genetic marker in plasmids? | bacteria |
| what are three uses of gel electrophoresis? | compares genomes of different organisms to locate specific genes; forensics; and molecular biology |
| DNA has a ----- charge | negative |
| ----- is continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics | inbreeding |
| if i wanted to see if a geneic disorder was the consequence of a chromosomal mutation, i would use a ----- | karyotype |
| if i wanted to see how a genetic disorder is inherited(dominant, recessive, codomoniant, etc), i would use a ----- | pedigree |
| no two people have the same DNA | true |
| if i am pregnant and want a boy, whose fault is it if i get a girl? | (dad) because he bought cheap condoms, ;) |
| humans have ----- chromosomes | 46 |
| females have ----- chromosomes | x |
| chromosomes that are NOT sex chromosomes are called ----- | autosomes |
| trisomy 21 in a female is scientifically written as ----- | 47 xx + 21 |
| if a person on a pedigree is recessive, their shape should not be colored. true or false | false |
| a male is represented on a pedigree by ----- | square |
| when can linked genes be separated? | crossing over |
| there are far more ----- with colorblindness | males |
| down syndrome, turners syndrome, kleinfelter's syndrome are all a result of ----- | non disjunction |
| ---- is a DNA used to get a DNA fingerprint | transgenic |
| what was the goal of the human genome project? | analyze human DNA sequence |
| ---- is the process of replacing a faulty gene with a working gene | gene therapy |
| we normally ----- use in gene therapy because they can be easily integrated into the cells DNA | viruses |
| the ----- helps us eliminate the nitrogen that can be harmful in our bodies | excretion |
| our muscles originated from what germ layer? | mesoderm |
| a ----- is an organism whose mouth is formed from the blastopore | protosome |
| ----- are the only animals without body symmetry | sponge |
| skin is an example of ------ tissue | epitherial |
| if an organism has a right and left side, they have ------- symmetry | bilateral |
| what are the characterisitcs of cnidarians? | soft bodied, symmetrical, carnivorous |
| the ------ are groups of cells that form an eyespot for detecting light | ocelli |
| jellyfish are always seen in the ------ stages | medusa |
| ----- are nerve cells that detect stimuli such as touch | nerve net |
| coral are solitary/ colonial? | colonial |
| ----- were the most primitive vertebrates | jawless fish |
| the most advanced fish today is ------ | bony fish |
| ------- is the muscular cavity found at the end of large intestine where waste, urine, eggs, and sperm leave the amphibians body | cloaca |
| amphibian eggs must be layed in ----- because they lack a ------ to prevent desiccation | water; shell |
| list three characteristics of reptiles | dry skin, lungs, terrestial eggs |
| list 5 characterisitcs of mammals | hair, mammary glands, breathe air, 4 chambered heart, endoderm |
| the system that regulates the release of hormones for body activities ------ system | indocrine |
| we belong to the order ------ | primates |
| parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma are all types of ----- | ground tissue |
| the main pigment used to harvest the suns energy is -------- and absourbs ------ light | chlorophyll/everything but green |
| the organelle found in plants algae where photosynthesis occurs is the ------ | chloroplast |
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shany
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