THE AMEBAS - LEC2
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| commensals | - E. dispar,
- E. moshkovskii,
- E. hartmanni,
- E. coli,
- Endolimax nana,
- Iodamoeba butschlii.
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| an intestinal ameba of pigs and monkeys that has been occasionally detected in humans | Entamoeba polecki
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| is a probable cause of diarrhea. | Entamoeba polecki
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| is currently classified within the subphylum Sarcodina, superclass Rhizopoda, class Lobosea, order Amoebida, family Entamoebidae, and genus Entamoeba. | Entamoeba histolytica
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| previously known as the Laredo strain | E. moshkovskii
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| The three said species are morphologically identical and of the same size | E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii
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| formerly referred to as “small Race” of E. histolytica | Entamoeba hartmanni
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| is a pseudopod forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite | Entamoeba histolytica
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| only member of the family to cause colitis and liver abscess. | Entamoeba histolytica , E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, E.
hartmanni, E. polecki, E. coli, and E. gingivalis)
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| The life cycle of E. histolytica consists of two stages: | - infective cyst
- invasive trophozoite form.
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| No host other than humans is implicated in the life cycle, although natural infection of primates has been reported. | Entamoeba histolytica
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| E. histolytica trophozoites multiply by? | binary fission
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| They encyst producing uninucleate cysts, which then undergo two successive nuclear divisions to form the characteristic quadrinucleate cysts | E. histolytica
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| lack of organelles that morphologically resemble mitochondria. | E. histolytica
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| amebic killing of target cultivated mammalian cells | In vitro
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| is the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis. | Amebic liver abscess (ALA)
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| The cardinal manifestations of ALA are fever and right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain. | true
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| Activated ? kill E. histolytica | T-cells
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| May be epidemic | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Acute onset | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Prodromal fever and MALAISE common | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Vomiting common | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Patient prostrate | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Watery, bloody diarrhea | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Odorless stool | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Stool microscopy: numerous bacilli, pus cells, | Bacillary Dysentery
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| macrophages, red cells, no Charcot-Leyden crystals | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Abdominal cramps common and severe | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Tenesmus common | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Natural history: spontaneous recovery in a few days, weeks or more; no relapse | Bacillary Dysentery
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| Seldom epidemic | Amebic Dysentery
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| Gradual onset | Amebic Dysentery
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| No prodromal features | Amebic Dysentery
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| No vomiting | Amebic Dysentery
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| Patient usually ambulant | Amebic Dysentery
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| Bloody diarrhea | Amebic Dysentery
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| Fishy odor stool | Amebic Dysentery
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| Stool microscopy: few bacilli, red cells, trophozoites with ingested red blood cells, Charcot-Leyden crystals | Amebic Dysentery
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| Mild abdominal cramps | Amebic Dysentery
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| Tenesmus uncommon | Amebic Dysentery
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| Natural history: lasts for weeks; dysentery returns after remission; infection persists for years | Amebic Dysentery
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| FECT | Formalin
Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Test
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| MIFC | Merthiolate Iodine Formalin
Concentration Test
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| ELISA | enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay
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| are the major reservoirs of infection with E. histolytica. | Humans
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| The genus ? has a spherical nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules and a small karyosomefound near the center of the nucleus. Trophozoites usually have only one nucleus. | Entamoeba
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| The genus ? has a vesicular nucleus with a relatively large, irregularly-shaped karyosome anchored to the nucleus by achromatic fibrils | Endolimax
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| The genus ? is characterized by a large, chromatin-rich karyosome surrounded by a layer of achromatic globules and anchored to the nuclear membrane by achromatic fibrils. | Iodamoeba
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| which has no cyst stage | Entamoeba gingivalis
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| is morphologically similar to E. histolytica, but their DNA and ribosomal RNA are different. | Entamoeba dispar
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| isolates, although first detected in sewage, have been reported in some areas, such as North America, Italy, South Africa, Bangladesh, India, Iran, and Australia. | Entamoeba moshkovskii
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| is cosmopolitan in distribution, and is considerably more common than other human amebae. | Entamoeba coli
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| is a parasite found in the intestines of pigs and monkeys. | Entamoeba polecki
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| which is found in apes and monkeys, is morphologically identical to E. polecki. | Entamoeba chattoni,
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| can be found in the mouth. | Entamoeba gingivalis
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| lives on the surface of gum and teeth, in gum pockets, and sometimes in the tonsillar crypts. | Entamoeba gingivalis
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| occurs with the same frequency as Entamoeba coli. | Endolimax nana
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| No treatment is necessary because these amebae do not cause disease. | Iodamoeba bütschlii cyst
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| is a ubiquitous, free-living ameba that is the etiologic agent of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) | Acanthamoeba spp.
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| is characterized by an active trophozoite stage with characteristic prominent “thorn-like” appendages (acanthopodia) | Acanthamoeba
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| Acanthamoeba has only two stages, ??, in its life cycle. | cysts and
trophozoites
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| (AK) | Acanthamoeba keratitis
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| (GAE) | granulomatous
amebic encephalitis
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| (AIDS) | acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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| is diagnosed by epithelial biopsy or corneal scrapings for recoverable ameba with characteristic staining patterns on histologic analysis. | Acanthamoeba keratitis
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| . Known species that have caused AK include | A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A.
hutchetti, A. polyphaga, and A. rhysoides.
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| are free-living protozoans with two vegetative forms: an ameba (trophozoite form), and a flagellate (swimming form). | Naegleria spp.
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| (trophozoite form) | an ameba
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| (swimming form). | a flagellate
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| There are two forms of trophozoites of Naegleria fowleri: ?? | ameboid and ameboflagellate
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| Only Naegleria fowleri has been reported to consistently cause disease in humans, although some non-fowleri species may cause opportunistic infections | true
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| (CSF) | cerebrospinal fluid
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| is the causative agent of a rare but rapidly destructive and fatal meningoencephalitis termed primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). | N. fowleri
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