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PARA
THE AMEBAS - LEC2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| commensals | - E. dispar, - E. moshkovskii, - E. hartmanni, - E. coli, - Endolimax nana, - Iodamoeba butschlii. |
| an intestinal ameba of pigs and monkeys that has been occasionally detected in humans | Entamoeba polecki |
| is a probable cause of diarrhea. | Entamoeba polecki |
| is currently classified within the subphylum Sarcodina, superclass Rhizopoda, class Lobosea, order Amoebida, family Entamoebidae, and genus Entamoeba. | Entamoeba histolytica |
| previously known as the Laredo strain | E. moshkovskii |
| The three said species are morphologically identical and of the same size | E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii |
| formerly referred to as “small Race” of E. histolytica | Entamoeba hartmanni |
| is a pseudopod forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite | Entamoeba histolytica |
| only member of the family to cause colitis and liver abscess. | Entamoeba histolytica , E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, E. hartmanni, E. polecki, E. coli, and E. gingivalis) |
| The life cycle of E. histolytica consists of two stages: | - infective cyst - invasive trophozoite form. |
| No host other than humans is implicated in the life cycle, although natural infection of primates has been reported. | Entamoeba histolytica |
| E. histolytica trophozoites multiply by? | binary fission |
| They encyst producing uninucleate cysts, which then undergo two successive nuclear divisions to form the characteristic quadrinucleate cysts | E. histolytica |
| lack of organelles that morphologically resemble mitochondria. | E. histolytica |
| amebic killing of target cultivated mammalian cells | In vitro |
| is the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis. | Amebic liver abscess (ALA) |
| The cardinal manifestations of ALA are fever and right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain. | true |
| Activated ? kill E. histolytica | T-cells |
| May be epidemic | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Acute onset | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Prodromal fever and MALAISE common | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Vomiting common | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Patient prostrate | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Watery, bloody diarrhea | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Odorless stool | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Stool microscopy: numerous bacilli, pus cells, | Bacillary Dysentery |
| macrophages, red cells, no Charcot-Leyden crystals | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Abdominal cramps common and severe | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Tenesmus common | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Natural history: spontaneous recovery in a few days, weeks or more; no relapse | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Seldom epidemic | Amebic Dysentery |
| Gradual onset | Amebic Dysentery |
| No prodromal features | Amebic Dysentery |
| No vomiting | Amebic Dysentery |
| Patient usually ambulant | Amebic Dysentery |
| Bloody diarrhea | Amebic Dysentery |
| Fishy odor stool | Amebic Dysentery |
| Stool microscopy: few bacilli, red cells, trophozoites with ingested red blood cells, Charcot-Leyden crystals | Amebic Dysentery |
| Mild abdominal cramps | Amebic Dysentery |
| Tenesmus uncommon | Amebic Dysentery |
| Natural history: lasts for weeks; dysentery returns after remission; infection persists for years | Amebic Dysentery |
| FECT | Formalin Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Test |
| MIFC | Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration Test |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| are the major reservoirs of infection with E. histolytica. | Humans |
| The genus ? has a spherical nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules and a small karyosomefound near the center of the nucleus. Trophozoites usually have only one nucleus. | Entamoeba |
| The genus ? has a vesicular nucleus with a relatively large, irregularly-shaped karyosome anchored to the nucleus by achromatic fibrils | Endolimax |
| The genus ? is characterized by a large, chromatin-rich karyosome surrounded by a layer of achromatic globules and anchored to the nuclear membrane by achromatic fibrils. | Iodamoeba |
| which has no cyst stage | Entamoeba gingivalis |
| is morphologically similar to E. histolytica, but their DNA and ribosomal RNA are different. | Entamoeba dispar |
| isolates, although first detected in sewage, have been reported in some areas, such as North America, Italy, South Africa, Bangladesh, India, Iran, and Australia. | Entamoeba moshkovskii |
| is cosmopolitan in distribution, and is considerably more common than other human amebae. | Entamoeba coli |
| is a parasite found in the intestines of pigs and monkeys. | Entamoeba polecki |
| which is found in apes and monkeys, is morphologically identical to E. polecki. | Entamoeba chattoni, |
| can be found in the mouth. | Entamoeba gingivalis |
| lives on the surface of gum and teeth, in gum pockets, and sometimes in the tonsillar crypts. | Entamoeba gingivalis |
| occurs with the same frequency as Entamoeba coli. | Endolimax nana |
| No treatment is necessary because these amebae do not cause disease. | Iodamoeba bütschlii cyst |
| is a ubiquitous, free-living ameba that is the etiologic agent of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) | Acanthamoeba spp. |
| is characterized by an active trophozoite stage with characteristic prominent “thorn-like” appendages (acanthopodia) | Acanthamoeba |
| Acanthamoeba has only two stages, ??, in its life cycle. | cysts and trophozoites |
| (AK) | Acanthamoeba keratitis |
| (GAE) | granulomatous amebic encephalitis |
| (AIDS) | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| is diagnosed by epithelial biopsy or corneal scrapings for recoverable ameba with characteristic staining patterns on histologic analysis. | Acanthamoeba keratitis |
| . Known species that have caused AK include | A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga, and A. rhysoides. |
| are free-living protozoans with two vegetative forms: an ameba (trophozoite form), and a flagellate (swimming form). | Naegleria spp. |
| (trophozoite form) | an ameba |
| (swimming form). | a flagellate |
| There are two forms of trophozoites of Naegleria fowleri: ?? | ameboid and ameboflagellate |
| Only Naegleria fowleri has been reported to consistently cause disease in humans, although some non-fowleri species may cause opportunistic infections | true |
| (CSF) | cerebrospinal fluid |
| is the causative agent of a rare but rapidly destructive and fatal meningoencephalitis termed primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). | N. fowleri |
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