| Question | Answer |
| commensals | - E. dispar,
- E. moshkovskii,
- E. hartmanni,
- E. coli,
- Endolimax nana,
- Iodamoeba butschlii. |
| an intestinal ameba of pigs and
monkeys that has been occasionally detected
in humans | Entamoeba polecki |
| is a probable cause of diarrhea. | Entamoeba polecki |
| is currently classified within the subphylum Sarcodina, superclass Rhizopoda, class Lobosea, order Amoebida,
family Entamoebidae, and genus Entamoeba. | Entamoeba histolytica |
| previously known as the Laredo strain | E. moshkovskii |
| The three said
species are morphologically identical and of
the same size | E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii |
| formerly referred to as “small Race” of E. histolytica | Entamoeba hartmanni |
| is a pseudopod forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite | Entamoeba histolytica |
| only member of the family to cause colitis
and liver abscess. | Entamoeba histolytica , E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, E.
hartmanni, E. polecki, E. coli, and E. gingivalis) |
| The life cycle of E. histolytica
consists of two stages: | - infective cyst
- invasive trophozoite form. |
| No host other than humans is implicated in the life cycle, although natural infection of primates has been
reported. | Entamoeba histolytica |
| E. histolytica trophozoites multiply by? | binary fission |
| They encyst producing uninucleate cysts, which
then undergo two successive nuclear divisions
to form the characteristic quadrinucleate cysts | E. histolytica |
| lack of organelles that morphologically resemble
mitochondria. | E. histolytica |
| amebic killing of target cultivated mammalian cells | In vitro |
| is the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis. | Amebic liver abscess (ALA) |
| The cardinal manifestations of ALA are fever and right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain. | true |
| Activated ? kill E. histolytica | T-cells |
| May be epidemic | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Acute onset | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Prodromal fever and MALAISE common | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Vomiting common | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Patient prostrate | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Watery, bloody diarrhea | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Odorless stool | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Stool microscopy: numerous bacilli, pus cells, | Bacillary Dysentery |
| macrophages, red cells, no Charcot-Leyden crystals | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Abdominal cramps common and severe | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Tenesmus common | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Natural history: spontaneous recovery in a few days, weeks or
more; no relapse | Bacillary Dysentery |
| Seldom epidemic | Amebic Dysentery |
| Gradual onset | Amebic Dysentery |
| No prodromal features | Amebic Dysentery |
| No vomiting | Amebic Dysentery |
| Patient usually ambulant | Amebic Dysentery |
| Bloody diarrhea | Amebic Dysentery |
| Fishy odor stool | Amebic Dysentery |
| Stool microscopy: few bacilli, red cells, trophozoites with ingested red blood cells, Charcot-Leyden crystals | Amebic Dysentery |
| Mild abdominal cramps | Amebic Dysentery |
| Tenesmus uncommon | Amebic Dysentery |
| Natural history: lasts for weeks; dysentery returns after remission; infection persists for years | Amebic Dysentery |
| FECT | Formalin
Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Test |
| MIFC | Merthiolate Iodine Formalin
Concentration Test |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay |
| are the major reservoirs of infection with E. histolytica. | Humans |
| The genus ? has a spherical
nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane
lined with chromatin granules and a small
karyosomefound near the center of the nucleus.
Trophozoites usually have only one nucleus. | Entamoeba |
| The genus ? has a vesicular nucleus with
a relatively large, irregularly-shaped karyosome
anchored to the nucleus by achromatic fibrils | Endolimax |
| The genus ? is characterized by a large,
chromatin-rich karyosome surrounded by a
layer of achromatic globules and anchored to
the nuclear membrane by achromatic fibrils. | Iodamoeba |
| which has no cyst stage | Entamoeba gingivalis |
| is morphologically
similar to E. histolytica, but their DNA and
ribosomal RNA are different. | Entamoeba dispar |
| isolates, although first detected in sewage, have been reported
in some areas, such as North America, Italy,
South Africa, Bangladesh, India, Iran, and
Australia. | Entamoeba moshkovskii |
| is cosmopolitan in
distribution, and is considerably more common
than other human amebae. | Entamoeba coli |
| is a parasite found in
the intestines of pigs and monkeys. | Entamoeba polecki |
| which is found in apes
and monkeys, is morphologically identical to
E. polecki. | Entamoeba chattoni, |
| can be found in the mouth. | Entamoeba gingivalis |
| lives on the surface of gum and teeth, in gum pockets, and sometimes in the tonsillar crypts. | Entamoeba gingivalis |
| occurs with the same frequency as Entamoeba coli. | Endolimax nana |
| No treatment is necessary because these
amebae do not cause disease. | Iodamoeba bütschlii cyst |
| is a ubiquitous, free-living
ameba that is the etiologic agent of
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous
amebic encephalitis (GAE) | Acanthamoeba spp. |
| is characterized by an active trophozoite stage
with characteristic prominent “thorn-like”
appendages (acanthopodia) | Acanthamoeba |
| Acanthamoeba has only two stages, ??, in its life cycle. | cysts and
trophozoites |
| (AK) | Acanthamoeba keratitis |
| (GAE) | granulomatous
amebic encephalitis |
| (AIDS) | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| is diagnosed by
epithelial biopsy or corneal scrapings for
recoverable ameba with characteristic staining
patterns on histologic analysis. | Acanthamoeba keratitis |
| . Known species that have caused
AK include | A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A.
hutchetti, A. polyphaga, and A. rhysoides. |
| are free-living protozoans
with two vegetative forms: an ameba
(trophozoite form), and a flagellate (swimming
form). | Naegleria spp. |
| (trophozoite form) | an ameba |
| (swimming form). | a flagellate |
| There are two forms of trophozoites of
Naegleria fowleri: ?? | ameboid and ameboflagellate |
| Only Naegleria fowleri
has been reported to consistently cause disease
in humans, although some non-fowleri species
may cause opportunistic infections | true |
| (CSF) | cerebrospinal fluid |
| is the causative agent
of a rare but rapidly destructive and fatal
meningoencephalitis termed primary amebic
meningoencephalitis (PAM). | N. fowleri |
