335 Addiction
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| addiction | a physiological or physical need for a substance or process to the extent that the individual will risk negative consequences in an attempt to meet the need
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| substance use disorder | use of the substance interfered with the ability to fulfill role obligation
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| tolerance | amount required to achieve the desired effect continues to increase, priority intervention to abstain from the substance
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| intoxication | physical and mental state of exhilaration and emotional frenzy or lethargy to stupor
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| withdrawal | physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of an addictive substance
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| conditioning | a learned response that occurs after repeated exposure to a stimuli
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| pre alcoholic phase | relieving everyday stress and tensions
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| early alcoholic phase | begins with blackouts, alcohol is required by individuals; consumption in secret
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| crucial phase | individual has lost control, physiological addiction evident, inability to choose whether or not to drink; risks anything for alcohol
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| chronic phase | emotional and physical disintegration; more intoxicated than sober; expresses self pity
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| alcoholism peripheral neuropathy | peripheral nerve damage, pain, burning and tingling, prickly sensation
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| alcoholic myopathy | sudden onset of muscle pain, swelling and weakness along with myoglobinuria - red urine
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| wernicke's encephalopathy | most serious form of thiamine deficiency; paralysis of ocular muscles
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| korsakoff's psychosis | syndrome of confusion, loss of recent memory and confabulation in alcoholics
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| alcoholic cardiomyopathy | accumulation in the myocardial cells, enlargement and weakened; congestive heart failure
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| alcoholic hepatitis | inflamed liver due to alcohol, enlarged and tender, jaundice
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| cirrhosis of the liver | end stage of alcoholic liver disease, destruction of liver cells leads to portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy
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| alcohol withdrawal | coarse tremor of hands, tongue and eyelids, N/V, elevated blood pressure, hallucinations
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| sedative use disorder | can cause rebound insomnia and increased dreaming (REM rebound)
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| intoxication of sedatives | mood lability, impaired judgment, slurred speech, uncoordination
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| withdrawal sedatives | sweating, pulse greater than 100, hand tremors, illusions
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| stimulants withdrawal | think crashing, fatigue, cramps, depression
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| stimulants intoxication | hyper vigilance, sensitivity, anxiety and tension
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| opioid withdrawal | lacrimination and rhinorrhea, pupillary dilation, sweating
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| opioid intoxication | psychomotor agitation and retardation
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| increased risks with nicotine | cancer, COPD, heart disease, macular degeneration
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| substance dependence | when the individual can no longer control the use of the substance
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| depressant withdrawal symptoms | tachycardia, hypertension, hallucinations
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| disulfiram side effects with alcohol | flushed skin, throbbing head and neck, respiratory difficulty
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| methanol antidote | alcohol
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| caffeine | stimulates cellular metabolism
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| hepatic encephelopathy | inability to convert ammonia to urea for excretion
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| acute pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas vomiting, severe epigastric pain, abdominal distention
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| portal hypertension | defective blood flow because of the cirrhotic liver
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| barbiturates | cause relaxation and drowsiness; monitor blood pressure
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| fetal alcohol syndrome | pregnant client is alcoholic, abnormal shape and size of fetus brain; learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, ineffective communication
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| disulfram | drug used as a deterrent to drinking for those who misuse alcohol; meant for someone in recovery already; aversive treatment
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| opioid antagonist | naloxene
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| benzodiazepine antagonist | flumazenil
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| opioid withdrawal medication | clonidine, alpha 2 agonist
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| alcohol withdrawal medications | benzodiazepines - diazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide (librium)
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| methadone | long acting opioid, harm reduction benefits since it is not injectable
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| vitamins for alcohol use disorder patients | multivitamin, thiamine, folic acid
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| treatment for hallucinogen withdrawal | benzodiazepines and antipsychotics
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