APES unit 2 test
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| microevolution | changes in the frequency of a gene in a population; subtle
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| macroevolution | major evolutionary change
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| genotype | persons unique sequence of DNA
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| phenotype | observable expression of this genotype – a person's presentation.
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| gene flow | the transfer of genetic material from one population to another
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| bottleneck effect | a phenomenon in which a population is reduced in size due to natural disasters, habitat loss, or overhunting; less biodiversity
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| founder effect | the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors; less biodiverity
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| geographic isolation | when two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water
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| reproductive isolation | the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences
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| fundamental niche | describes the potential area and resources an organism is capable of using
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| realized niche | the environmental position that a species occupies and lives in
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| niche generalist | a species with a broad niche that is easily adaptable to many environmental conditions
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| niche specialist | eat a limited diet and occupy a much narrower niche
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| Density-dependent factor | a factor whose effects on the size or growth of a population vary with the population density
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| Density-independent factor | any force that affects the size of a population of living things regardless of the density of the population
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| K-selected species | possess relatively stable populations fluctuating near the carrying capacity of the environment
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| r-selected species | those that produce a large number of offspring and contribute few resources to each individual offspring
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| Corridor | strips of habitat that connect populations
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| Metapopulation | a group of spatially distinct populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between the
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| Inbreeding depression | when individuals with similar genotypes - typically relatives - breed with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired ability to survive and reproduce
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| Symbiotic relationship | Any intimate relationship or association between members of two or more species
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| Commensalism | a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits. and the other species is neither helped nor harmed
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| Ecosystem engineer | special types of keystone species that create or maintain habitats for other species
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| Ecological Succession | the process by which an ecosystem or community experiences change
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| Primary succession | Succession that starts with an essentially lifeless area where there is no soil or bottom sediment in an aquatic area
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