APES unit 2 test Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
microevolution	changes in the frequency of a gene in a population; subtle
macroevolution	major evolutionary change
genotype	persons unique sequence of DNA
phenotype	observable expression of this genotype – a person's presentation.
gene flow	the transfer of genetic material from one population to another
bottleneck effect	a phenomenon in which a population is reduced in size due to natural disasters, habitat loss, or overhunting; less biodiversity
founder effect	the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors; less biodiverity
geographic isolation	when two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water
reproductive isolation	the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences
fundamental niche	describes the potential area and resources an organism is capable of using
realized niche	the environmental position that a species occupies and lives in
niche generalist	a species with a broad niche that is easily adaptable to many environmental conditions
niche specialist	eat a limited diet and occupy a much narrower niche
Density-dependent factor	a factor whose effects on the size or growth of a population vary with the population density
Density-independent factor	any force that affects the size of a population of living things regardless of the density of the population
K-selected species	possess relatively stable populations fluctuating near the carrying capacity of the environment
r-selected species	those that produce a large number of offspring and contribute few resources to each individual offspring
Corridor	strips of habitat that connect populations
Metapopulation	a group of spatially distinct populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between the
Inbreeding depression	when individuals with similar genotypes - typically relatives - breed with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired ability to survive and reproduce
Symbiotic relationship	Any intimate relationship or association between members of two or more species
Commensalism	a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits. and the other species is neither helped nor harmed
Ecosystem engineer	special types of keystone species that create or maintain habitats for other species
Ecological Succession	the process by which an ecosystem or community experiences change
Primary succession	Succession that starts with an essentially lifeless area where there is no soil or bottom sediment in an aquatic area

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