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APES unit 2 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| microevolution | changes in the frequency of a gene in a population; subtle |
| macroevolution | major evolutionary change |
| genotype | persons unique sequence of DNA |
| phenotype | observable expression of this genotype – a person's presentation. |
| gene flow | the transfer of genetic material from one population to another |
| bottleneck effect | a phenomenon in which a population is reduced in size due to natural disasters, habitat loss, or overhunting; less biodiversity |
| founder effect | the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors; less biodiverity |
| geographic isolation | when two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water |
| reproductive isolation | the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences |
| fundamental niche | describes the potential area and resources an organism is capable of using |
| realized niche | the environmental position that a species occupies and lives in |
| niche generalist | a species with a broad niche that is easily adaptable to many environmental conditions |
| niche specialist | eat a limited diet and occupy a much narrower niche |
| Density-dependent factor | a factor whose effects on the size or growth of a population vary with the population density |
| Density-independent factor | any force that affects the size of a population of living things regardless of the density of the population |
| K-selected species | possess relatively stable populations fluctuating near the carrying capacity of the environment |
| r-selected species | those that produce a large number of offspring and contribute few resources to each individual offspring |
| Corridor | strips of habitat that connect populations |
| Metapopulation | a group of spatially distinct populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between the |
| Inbreeding depression | when individuals with similar genotypes - typically relatives - breed with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired ability to survive and reproduce |
| Symbiotic relationship | Any intimate relationship or association between members of two or more species |
| Commensalism | a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits. and the other species is neither helped nor harmed |
| Ecosystem engineer | special types of keystone species that create or maintain habitats for other species |
| Ecological Succession | the process by which an ecosystem or community experiences change |
| Primary succession | Succession that starts with an essentially lifeless area where there is no soil or bottom sediment in an aquatic area |