322 Stimulants Depressants Anesthesia
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| anorexiants | stimulate appetite; not given to children under 12
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| analeptics | stimulate respirations; caffeine
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| monitor adults taking stimulants | often abused, can cause dependence and tolerance, asses cardiovascular status
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| caffeine use in newborns | used to stimulate respirations when in respiratory distress
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| classes of sedatives and hypnotics | benzodiazepines, barbiturates, nonbenzodiazepines
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| side effects of sedatives | residual drowsiness, vivid dreams, respiratory depression, tolerance
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| side effects of benzodiazepines | sedation, lethargy, drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, nausea and vomiting
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| benzodiazepines teaching | avoid alcohol and antidepressants, do not drive or operate machinery; taper dose down
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| nonbenzodiazepine | zolpidem, decreases awareness, hallucinations, can cause sleep eating and driving, changed behavior; do not take more than 4 times a week
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| ADHD medication teaching | last dose 4 to 6 hours before bed, beware of suicidal ideation, check child's growth and beware of vacation holiday
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| amphetamine methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate | treat ADHD, increase attention span and cognitive performance
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| amphetamines | stimulate release of norepinephrine and dopamine; schedule 2 controlled substance
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| barbiturates | depress cerebral cortex; treat anxiety, seizures and intracranial pressure
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| balanced anesthesia | combination of drugs used; preoperative with opioid, anticholinergic, sedatives, antiemetic, antihistamines, narcotics
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| topical anesthetics | decrease sensitivity of nerve endings in affected areas, numb sensation
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| general anesthesia | analgesia (loss of pain perception), unconsciousness ( loss of awareness), amnesia (inability to recall what took place)
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| local anesthetics | block pain at the site where the drug is given, consciousness is maintained
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| local anesthetics - esters | high risk for allergic reaction
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| local anesthetics - amides | safer and more common; lidocaine
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| local anesthetics combined with epinephrine | decrease bleeding and increase duration
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| conscious sedation | blocks pain at site for minor procedures
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| side effects of conscious sedation | hypotension, post op sensorium, respiratory depression
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| spinal anesthesia precaution | lay flat to decrease drainage
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| amphetamine used for narcolepsy | provigil; improves wakefulness
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| adult monitor for amphetamines | risk for addiction, cardiac conditions
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| barbiturates action | inhibit neuronal impulse conduction in the ascending RAS
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| nonbenzodiazepine action | GABA receptor to influence inhibitory neurotransmission
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| melatonin receptor agonists | ramelteon; works with melatonin in your body so less side effects
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| topical anesthetics | burns, dental procedures
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