P&P basic concepts
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| a condition of physical, mental and social well-being and the absence of disease or other abnormal condition. | Health
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| deviation from the normal state of health or wellness. | Disease
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| when the body cannot maintain homeostasis through physiological responses to stimuli. | Disease occurs
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| study of the biological & physical manifestations of disease | Pathophysiology
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| identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs & symptoms, lab tests or other tools. | Diagnosis
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| the causative factors of a particular disease - may be one or more.e.g. congenital, microbial, degenerative | Etiology
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| factors that increase the likelihood of getting a diseasee.g. age, heredity, lifestyle, diet, occupation | Predisposing Factors
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| aimed at changing the etiology & predisposing factorse.g. flu shots, lifestyle changes (exercise, diet) | Prevention
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| The clinical evidence of the disease.(signs & symptoms, behaviours, effects ) | Manifestations
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| found only at the site of the problem | Local Manifestations
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| general symptoms of illness eg. Fever | Systemic Manifestations
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| a trigger of signs & symptoms | Precipitating Factor
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| additional problems that arise as a result of the original disease. | Complication
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| the probability for recovery | Prognosis
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| heat, cold, radiation, pressure | Physical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| may impair blood supply or | Physical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| affect cell metabolism directly | Physical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| exogenous (from outside the body) | Chemical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| endogenous (from inside the body)eg Hcl | Chemical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites | Microbial Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| Insufficient oxygen reaching a body part usually from circulatory or respiratory problem | Ischemia Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| Toxic accumulations of lipids or proteins within the cell | Metabolites Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| impaired metabolism | Altered Nutrition Causes of Cell Damage/Injury
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| interfere with cell functioning | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
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| Inflammation & Immune reactions | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
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| Actions of cytokines & complement | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
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| Autoimmune disorders | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
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| Cells may try to adapt to adverse or excess normal stimuli | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
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| Decrease in size of cell, tissue, organ or entire body | Atrophy
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| Physiological – occurs with aging | Atrophy
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| Pathological – from inadequate O2 , nutrition or disuse | Atrophy
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| Increase in size of tissues or organs from enlargement of individual cells | Hypertrophy
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| Increase in the size of tissues or organ caused by an increased number of cells | Hyperplasia
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| Disorderly arrangement of cells | Dysplasia
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| Cells vary in size & shape | Dysplasia
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| New growth – benign or malignant | Neoplasia
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| Nucleus disintegrates | Following cell death step 1
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| Cell undergoes lysis | Following cell death step 2
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| Enzymes are released in to tissues | Following cell death step 3
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| Inflammation | Following cell death step 4
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| Possible damage to nearby cells | Following cell death step 5
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| Term used when a group of cells die | Necrosis
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| localized area of necrosis from lack of oxygen | Infarct
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