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P&P 2010 Basic con k
P&P basic concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a condition of physical, mental and social well-being and the absence of disease or other abnormal condition. | Health |
| deviation from the normal state of health or wellness. | Disease |
| when the body cannot maintain homeostasis through physiological responses to stimuli. | Disease occurs |
| study of the biological & physical manifestations of disease | Pathophysiology |
| identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs & symptoms, lab tests or other tools. | Diagnosis |
| the causative factors of a particular disease - may be one or more.e.g. congenital, microbial, degenerative | Etiology |
| factors that increase the likelihood of getting a diseasee.g. age, heredity, lifestyle, diet, occupation | Predisposing Factors |
| aimed at changing the etiology & predisposing factorse.g. flu shots, lifestyle changes (exercise, diet) | Prevention |
| The clinical evidence of the disease.(signs & symptoms, behaviours, effects ) | Manifestations |
| found only at the site of the problem | Local Manifestations |
| general symptoms of illness eg. Fever | Systemic Manifestations |
| a trigger of signs & symptoms | Precipitating Factor |
| additional problems that arise as a result of the original disease. | Complication |
| the probability for recovery | Prognosis |
| heat, cold, radiation, pressure | Physical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| may impair blood supply or | Physical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| affect cell metabolism directly | Physical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| exogenous (from outside the body) | Chemical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| endogenous (from inside the body)eg Hcl | Chemical Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites | Microbial Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| Insufficient oxygen reaching a body part usually from circulatory or respiratory problem | Ischemia Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| Toxic accumulations of lipids or proteins within the cell | Metabolites Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| impaired metabolism | Altered Nutrition Causes of Cell Damage/Injury |
| interfere with cell functioning | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances |
| Inflammation & Immune reactions | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances |
| Actions of cytokines & complement | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances |
| Autoimmune disorders | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances |
| Cells may try to adapt to adverse or excess normal stimuli | Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances |
| Decrease in size of cell, tissue, organ or entire body | Atrophy |
| Physiological – occurs with aging | Atrophy |
| Pathological – from inadequate O2 , nutrition or disuse | Atrophy |
| Increase in size of tissues or organs from enlargement of individual cells | Hypertrophy |
| Increase in the size of tissues or organ caused by an increased number of cells | Hyperplasia |
| Disorderly arrangement of cells | Dysplasia |
| Cells vary in size & shape | Dysplasia |
| New growth – benign or malignant | Neoplasia |
| Nucleus disintegrates | Following cell death step 1 |
| Cell undergoes lysis | Following cell death step 2 |
| Enzymes are released in to tissues | Following cell death step 3 |
| Inflammation | Following cell death step 4 |
| Possible damage to nearby cells | Following cell death step 5 |
| Term used when a group of cells die | Necrosis |
| localized area of necrosis from lack of oxygen | Infarct |
Created by:
kfroel4
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