RTE 2712 Week 4 cardiovascular: Blood
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| The formed elements of the blood consist of | Red, and white blood cells, and platelets
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| Loose connective tissue and cartilage contain a network of insoluble fibers, whereas plasma, a fluid connective tissue, contains | Dissolved proteins
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| Blood transports dissolved gases, bringing oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carrying | carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
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| The "patrol agents" in the blood that defend the body against toxins and pathogens are | white blood cells and antibodies
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| The unique composition of whole blood consists of | plasma and formed elements
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| In addition to water and proteins, plasma contains | albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
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| The three primary classes of plasma proteins are | albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
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| The primary function(s) of plasma is(are) | absorbing and releasing heat as needed by the body, transporting ions, transporting RBC's
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| The plasma proteins that attack foreign proteins and pathogens are called | immunoglobulins
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| The fluid left after the clotting proteins are removed from plasma is known as | serum
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| Formed elements in the blood are produced by the process of | hemopoiesis
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| The stem cells that produce all the blood cells are called | hemocytoblasts
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| In adults, the only site of RBC and WBC production is the | Red bond marrow
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| The primary function(s) of a mature red blood cell is(are) | transport of respiratory gases
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| Circulating mature red bloods cells lack | mitochondria, ribosomes, and nuclei
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| RBC production is regulated by the hormone | erythropoietin
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| The average lifespan of a red blood cell is | 120 days
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| The function of hemoglobin is to | carry oxygen
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| Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the | Spleen, liver, and bone marrow
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| The important effect(s) on RBCs' functions due to their unusual shape is(are) | it enables RBCs to form stacks, it gives each RBC a large surface-area-to-volume ration, and it enables RBCs to bend and flex when entering small capillaries
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| Red blood cells are called | erythrocytes
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| A person's blood type is determined by the | presence or absence of specific antigens on the cell membrane
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| Individuals with type A blood have | B agglutinins in their plasma
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| Agglutinogens are contained (on,in) the_____, while the agglutinins are found (on,in) the ____. | Cell membrane of RBC; plasma
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| The blood of a person with type O blood | contains anti-A and anti-B agglutinins
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| Rh-negative blood indicates the | absence of the Rh antigen
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| A type O person can donate blood to a type A person because | A type O person does not have any antigens to be attacked by the type A blood
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| When blood types are incompatible, the blood will | Clump and agglutinate
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| The two types of agranular leukocytes found in the blood are | monocytes and lymphocytes
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| Based on their standing characteristics, the types of granular leukocytes found in the blood are | neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
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| The number of eosinophils increase dramatically during | an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
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| The type of leukocyte responsible for the red, swollen condition in inflamed tissue is the | basophil
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| The multilobed white blood cell that typically fights bacteria is the | neutrophil
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| The leukocyte that fuses with another of its kind to create a giant phagocytic cell is the | monocyte
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| The most numerous WBCs in a normal WBC differential are the | neutrophils
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| WBCs that release histamine at the site of an injury are | basophils
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| WBCs other than lymphocytes are regulated by hormones called | colony-stimulating factors(CFSs)
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| In adults, the production of B&T lymphocytes is regulated primarily by exposure to antigens such as | Toxins, cells, and foreign proteins
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| The WBCs that are important in producing antibodies are the | lymphocytes
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| The normal number of WBCs in a healthy person is _____/mm^3 | 6000-9000
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| Platelets are formed elements in human blood that visually appear as | cell fragments
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| Platelets are responsible for | initiating the clotting process
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| Platelet production is called | thrombocytopoiesis
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| The average concentration of platelets in each microliter of circulating blood is | 350,000/ul
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| Basophils are specialized WBCs that | contain histamine that exaggerates the inflammatory response at the injury site
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| Hemostasis is a process consisting of three overlapping phases. The correct order of the phases is | Vascular phase, Platelet phase, Coagulation phase
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| The extrinsic pathway in blood clotting involves the release of | tissue factor by damaged endothelial cells
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| The common pathway in blood clotting involves the following events, in correct sequential order | prothrombin-thrombin-fibrinogen-fibrin
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| During the clotting process, platelets function in | transporting chemicals important for clotting, contraction after clot formation, initiating the clotting process
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| A blood clot attached to blood vessel wall is called a(n) | thrombus
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| The process of fibrinolysis | dissolves clots
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| The vitamin needed for the formation of clotting factors is | Vitamin K
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| A drifting blood clot is called a(n) | embolus
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| A clotting protein found in the bloodstream and made liver is | fibrinogen
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| Hemopoiesis | blood cell formation
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| Hematocrit | packed cell volume
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| increased hematocrit | dehydration
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| decreased hematocrit | internal bleeding
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| leukocytosis | excessive WBCs
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| microphages | neutrophils, eosinophils
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| antibodies | agglutinins
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| stem cells | hemocytoblasts
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| surface antigens | agglutinogens
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| diapedesis | WBC migration
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| List the five primary functions of the blood | transports dissolved gases, regulates interstitial fluid, restricts fluid losses, defends the body against toxins and pathogens, helps regulate body temp
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| What are the three primary classes of plasma proteins | albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
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| List the three kinds of granular leukocytes | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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| List two kinds of agranular WBCs | monocytes and lymphocytes
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| What are the three primary functions of platelets | transport of chemicals important to the clotting, formation of a plug in the walls of damaged blood vessels, and active contraction after clot formation
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| List the events in the clotting response | Vascular phase, platelet phase, coagulation phase, clot retraction, and clot destruction
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| What is an embolus | a drifting blood clot
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| What is an thrombus | a blood clot that sticks to the wall of an intact blood vessel
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