Module 16-Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| 1a. Amniotic egg | A shelled, water-retaining egg that allows reptile, bird, and certain mammal embryosto develop on land.
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| 1b. Neurotoxin | A poison that attacks the nervous system, causing blindness, paralysis, or suffocation.
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| 1c. Hemotoxin | A poison that attacks the red blood cells and blood vessels, destroying circulation.
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| 1d. Endothermic | An organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process.
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| 1e. Down feathers | Feathers used for insulation.
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| 1f. Contour feathers | Feathers used for flight.
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| 1g. Placenta | A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply.
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| 1h. Gestation | The period of time that it takes an embryo to develop from fertilization to birth.
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| 1i. Mammary Glands | Milk glands used for nutrition of the newborn and very young.
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| 2. State the five characteristics that set reptiles apart from other vertebrates. | 1.Ectothermic 2.Covered with tough, dry scales 3.Breathe with lungs throughout their lives. 4.Three-chambered heart with a ventricle that is partially divided. 5.Produce amniotic eggs covered with a leathery shell, most oviparous, some ovoviviparous.
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| 3.In this module, we studied reptiles, birds and mammals. For each class, indicate whether they are ectothermic or endothermic. | Reptiles-ectothermic, Birds-endothermic, Mammals-endothermic
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| 4. Identify the parts of the amniotic egg: | a. Amniotic fluid b. Embryo c. Amnion d. Allantois e. Chorion f. Yolk sac g. Yolk h. Albumen i. Shell
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| 5. State the functions of the yolk, the allantois, and the albumen. | Yolk-to feed the embryo. Allantois-a sac of blood vessels that allows for the respiration and excretion of the embryo. Albumen-protects the embryo from bacteria and other pathogens.
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| 6. Reptiles have a growth-related characteristic in common with the arthropods. What is it? | They both molt because their body covering is not living.
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| 7. What are the two most important functions of reptile scales? | Prevent water loss and insulation.
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| 8.These are the reptile orders that contain currently living reptiles:Rhynchocephalia,Squamata, Crocodilia, Testudines.Place the following types of reptiles into their appropriate order: a.snakes b.tuataras c.lizards d.tortoises e.alligators f.turtles | Rhynchocephalia-tuatara. Squamata-snakes, lizards. Crocodilia-alligators. Testudines-turtles, tortoises.
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| 9. State the six characteristics that set birds apart from other vertebrates. | 1.Endothermic. 2.Heart with 4 chambers. 3.Toothless bill. 4.Oviparous, laying anamniotic egg that is covered in a lime-containing shell. 5.Covered with feathers. 6.Skeleton composed of porous, lightweight bones (not a characteristic for all birds)
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| 10. Do all birds fly? | No
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| 11. A blood sample comes from the ventricle of an animal that is either an amphibian or a bird. How can you tell which? | If the bloof sample has a mixture of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood, it comes from an amphibian. If it has only one or the other, it comes from a bird.
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| 12. Which has a harder shell: the egg of a reptile or the egg of a bird? | Bird
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| 13. You see some barbs from a feather. You have no idea whether they came from a down feather or a contour feather. Looking at the barbs under the microscope, however, you see that there are no hooked barbules. What kind of feather is it? | Down feather
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| 14. What type of feather (down or contour) is used for flight? What kind is used for insulation? | Flight-contour, Insulation-down
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| 15. What is a bird actually doing when it is preening? | Oiling its feathers.
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| 16. What is unique about a bird's method of molting? | Each feather on one side of the bird's body will molt at exactly the same time as the corresponding feather on the other side of its body.
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| 17. What three things (at least) did flight engineers have to learn from birds to make practical flight possible? | 1.Wings are a key to flight ability 2.Use of an alula (wing slot) to reduce turbulence 3.Use of lightweight and hollow materials to construct the plane, reinforced with struts.
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| 18. Which is heavier, a bird's bone or the same size bone from an amphibian? | The same size bone from an amphibian.
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| 19. State the five characteristics that set mammals apart from other vertebrates. | 1.Hair covering the skin. 2.Reproduce with internal fertilization and usually viviporous 3.Nourish their young with milk secreted from specialized glands. 4.Four-chambered heart 5.Endothermic
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| 20. What is the principal function of underhair? | Underwear? To keep them warm. To insulate.
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| 21. What do we usually see when we look at a mammal, underhair or guard hair? | Guard hair
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| 22. Name a nonplacental mammal. | Kangaroo
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| 23. What is the main difference between offspring born after a long gestation period and offspring born after a short gestation period? | Offspring born after a long gestation period are more developed than those born after a short gestation period.
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