Oncology part 5
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| True or False?Malignant transformation occurs with aneuploidy? | True
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| True or False?When a cell gains or loses whole chromosomes it does not have structural abnormalities? | False. It does have structural abnormalities. (page 476 iggy)
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| True or False?When grading a tumor Gx cannot be determined? | True
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| True or False?Tumor cells that are well differentiated and closely resemble the normal cells are graded as G1? | True
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| True or False? G4 tumor cells resemble the normal cells from which they arose? | False. G4 tumor cells are poorly differentiated and retain no normal cell characteristics. Determination of the tissue orgin is difficult and impossible. (Page 476 iggy)
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| TNM system stands for? | Tumor, node, metastasis system
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| TNM systems have specific prognostic value for this type of tumor? | Solid type tumors
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| True of False?TNM staging is useful for leukemia and lymphomas? | False. (Page 476 Iggy)
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| Name the 3 ways staging is done for cancer? | 1. clinical staging 2.Surgical staging 3.Pathologic staging
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| True or False?TNM system refers to:Tumor, lymph nodes, extent of local, regional, and distant metastasis? | True
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| True or False?When staging a tumor, the letter "M" stands for Primary Tumor? | False. The letter "T" stands for Primary tumor.The letter "N" stands for NODE. The letter "M" stands for METASTASIS.
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| This staging assess the client's manifestations, signs for tumor size and possible spread? (What is this staging called) | Clinical staging
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| Tests are used and cancer cells may be obtained for biopsy in this stage, but this stage does not include MAJOR SURGERY. What is this STAGE called? | Clinical staging
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| This staging assesses the tumor size, number, sites and spread by INSPECTION at SURGERY. What is this staging called? | Surgical staging
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| This is the most definitive type of staging. What is it called? | Pathologic staging
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| True or False?The American joint Committee on Cancer developed the TNM system to describe the anatomic extent of cancers? | True
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| What 3 factors play a role in carcinogenesis? | 1. Exposure to carcinogens 2. Genetic predispositon 3. Immune function
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| The activation of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes causes? | Carcinogenesis
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| Proto-oncogenes are genes that direct what? | Early embryonic development
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| At what day do the suppressor genes turn off the control of the proto-oncogenes to keep them from being overexpressed? | On day 8. Suppressor genes can act directly at the DNA level, preventing the proto-oncogene from being overexpressed.
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| When a normal cell is exposed to any carcinogen, what specific cell's DNA can be damaged or mutated? | Suppressor gene
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| True or False?There are about 70 different proto-oncogenes that can be activated into oncogenes and are not considered abnormal genes but are part of every cell's normal makeup and were important in early development? | True
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| True or False?Oncogenes can cause the cell to change from normal to cancer cells and uncontrolled cell division? | True
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| True or False?When thinking about carcinogenesis, many household chemicals, drugs and other products used in everyday life should be considered? | True
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| True or False?Small doses of radiation do not affect cells? | False (Page 477iggy)
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| True or False?Lung, Pharyngeal, Esophagus, Cervical, Bladder, Stomach, Oral cavity, Laryngeal, Pancreatic, Kidney, Liver and Myeloid Leukemia can all be caused from Tobacco Use? | True
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| How long do platelets live? | 7 to 10 days
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| What two types of Radiation rays cause cancer? | Ionizing and UV rays
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| The incidence in skin cancer is higher in people with what type of injuries? | burn scars and severe skin injuries
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| Barrett's Esophagus is considered to be an example of what type of cancer? | Chronic irritation cancer due to tissue trauma.
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| This type of viral origin is known to cause Burkitt's lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, and nasophryngeal carcinoma? | Epstein-Barr Virus
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| This type of viral origin is known to cause primary liver carcinoma? | Hepatitis B virus
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| What 3 personal factors affect cancer development? | Age, immune function, Genetic Risk
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| What are 7 Risk factors for developing cancer? | 1. Tobacco 2. Alcohol 3. Occupational Exposure 4. Radiation 5. Diet 6. Viruses 7. Drugs
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| Oncoviruses | Viruses that cause cancer (hepatitis B; Epstein-Barr)
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| What test can confirm or rule out a person's predisposition or risk for specific cancers? | Genetic Testing
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| True or False?Genetic Testing can diagnose the presence of cancer? | False.
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| Genetic Testing is performed on what type of blood? | peripheral blood
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| Down's syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome has how many chromosomes? | 47
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| Turner's syndrome has how many chromosomes? | 45
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| Name 3 cancers that can be "inherited?" | Breast, prostate, ovarian
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| A person with Bloom Syndrome,Down's syndrome, or Turner's syndrome has an increased genetic predisposition for what specific type of cancer? | Leukemia
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| African American cultures have an increased risk for these 2 types of cancers? | 1. Lung 2. Prostate
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| Asian cultures have an increased risk for these 5 types of cancers? | 1. Breast 2. colorectal 3. prostate 4. lung 5. stomach
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| Hispanic cultures have and increased risk for these 4 types of cancers? | 1. Prostate 2. Breast 3. colorectal 4. lung
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| Caucasians are at greatest risk for these 4 types of cancers? | 1. LUNG 2.breast 3. Colorectal 4. Prostate
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