A&P Ch. 8 - Skeletal System
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| Dense, hard type of bone | Compact bone
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| Bony plates found in spongy bone | Trabeculae
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| Band of hyaline cartilage at ends of long bone | Epiphyseal disc
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| longitudinal bone growth occurs here | epiphyseal disc
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| tough outer connective tissue covering the diaphysis of a long bone | periosteum
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| hollow center of the shaft of the bone | medullary cavity
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| found on the outer surface of the epiphysis | articular cartilage
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| mature bone cell | osteocyte
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| microscopic unit of compact bone, also called an osteon | haversian system
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| inner lining of the medullary cavity of a long bone | endosteum
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| the shaft of a long bone | diaphysis
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| site of blood cell formation | bone marrow
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| bone building cell | osteoblast
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| eroding activity of this cell remodels and expands the medullary cavity | osteoclast
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| cancellous bone | spongy bone
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| enlarged end of a long bone | epiphysis
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| this type of bone has a punched or swiss cheese appearance | spongy bone
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| called the growth plate | epiphyseal disc
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| this cell is responsible for bone resorption | osteoclast
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| lower jaw bone, contains the lower teeth | mandible
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| opening in the temporal bone for the ear | external auditory meatus
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| upper jaw bone, contains upper teeth | maxilla
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| cheekbones, form part of the orbits for eyes | zygomatic bones
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| forms the top and sides of the skull | parietal
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| forms the bony structure of the nasal cavity | ethmoid
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| forms the chin | mandible
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| forms the floor and back wall of the cranium | occipital
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| the large hole in this bone is called the foramen magnum | occipital
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| forms the forehead | frontal
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| forms the posterior part of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity | palatine bones
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| butterfly-shaped bone that forms part of the floor/sides of cranium, the sella turcica houses the pituitary gland | sphenoid
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| on sides of head close to ears | temporal
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| contains external auditory meatus, styloid process, zygomatic process, mastoid process | temporal
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| articulates with the temporal bone to form a freely movable joint | mandible
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| bone that articulates w/ parietal bone at coronal suture | frontal
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| first seven pairs of ribs | true ribs
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| next 5 pairs of ribs (after first seven) | false ribs
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| last two pairs of false ribs | floating ribs
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| lower tip of the sternum | xiphoid process
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| ribs that are closest to clavicle | true ribs
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| depression on superior border of the manubrium | suprasternal notch
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| ribs that attach directly to the sternum by the costal cartilage | true ribs
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| the part of the sternum closest to the collarbone | manubrium
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| ribs that do not attach to sternum | floating ribs
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| ribs that attach indirectly to sternum | false ribs
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| also called the angle of louis | manubriosternal junction
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| should be less than 90 degrees | costal angle
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| rib #2 located at this articulation | manubriosternal junction
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| largest part of sternum, located between manubrium and xiphoid process | body
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| articulation between manubrium and body of the breastbone | manubriosternal junction
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| shoulder blade/wing bone | scapula
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| depression where head of humerus articulates w/ the scapula | glenoid cavity
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| long bone of upper arm | humerus
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| bony point of ulna that forms the elbow | olecranon process
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| collarbone | clavicle
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| bones that form palm of the hand | metacarpals
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| 14 bones that form the fingers | phalanges
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| bone that contains the glenoid cavity | scapula
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| clavicle and scapula form this structure | acromion
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| scapula articulates with this bone to form a ball-and-socket joint at shoulder | humerus
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| ulna and this bone articulate to form a hinge joint at elbow | humerus
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| bone that contains the olecranon fossa | humerus
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| long bone in lower arm that is located on the side of the little finger | ulna
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| wrist bones | carpals
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| bone in lower arm on thumb side | radius
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| pointy part of shoulder | acromion
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| also called the shoulder girdle | pectoral girdle
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| head of this bone articulates with the glenoid cavity | humerus
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| contains acromion and coracoid process | scapula
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| bones that articulate w/ the proximal phalanges | metacarpals
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| bone that contains the olecranon process | ulna
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| the radius and this bone "cross" during supination | ulna
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| long slender bone that articulates w/ both the sternum and the scapula | clavicle
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| the thumb | pollux
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| phalange that contains only two bones | pollux
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| part of the coxal bone on which you sit | ischial tuberosity
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| bone that contains the obturator foramen | coxal bone
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| kneecap | patella
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| shinbone | tibia
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| cartilaginous disc between the 2 pubic bones, disc expands during pregnancy | symphysis pubis
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| part of the hipbone that flares | ilium
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| instep of the foot is formed by these bones | metatarsals
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| thin non-weight bearing long bone of leg | fibula
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| heel bone | calcaneus
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| bony process on the femur | trochanter
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| toes | phalanges
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| largest bone on body | femur
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| head of femur articulates w/ this depression in the coxal bone | acetabulum
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| depression formed by union of the ilium, ischium, pubis | acetabulum
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| formed by the two coxal bones | pelvic girdle
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| distal end of this bone is the lateral malleolus | fibula
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| articulates w/ coxal bone to form the hip and tibia to form the knee | femur
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| distal end of this bone is the medial malleolus | tibia
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| the great toe | hallux
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| this tarsal articulates w/ both tibia and fibula | talus
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| long weight-bearing bone in the leg | tibia
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| forms ball of foot | metatarsals
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| the 2-bone phalange | hallux
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| part of the coxal bone on which you sit | ischial tuberosity
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| bone that contains the obturator foramen | coxal bone
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| kneecap | patella
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| shinbone | tibia
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| cartilaginous disc between the 2 pubic bones, disc expands during pregnancy | symphysis pubis
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| part of the hipbone that flares | ilium
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| instep of the foot is formed by these bones | metatarsals
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| thin non-weight bearing long bone of leg | fibula
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| heel bone | calcaneus
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| bony process on the femur | trochanter
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| toes | phalanges
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| largest bone on body | femur
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| head of femur articulates w/ this depression in the coxal bone | acetabulum
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| depression formed by union of the ilium, ischium, pubis | acetabulum
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| formed by the two coxal bones | pelvic girdle
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| distal end of this bone is the lateral malleolus | fibula
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| articulates w/ coxal bone to form the hip and tibia to form the knee | femur
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| distal end of this bone is the medial malleolus | tibia
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| the great toe | hallux
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| this tarsal articulates w/ both tibia and fibula | talus
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| long weight-bearing bone in the leg | tibia
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| forms ball of foot | metatarsals
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| the 2-bone phalange | hallux
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| lateral malleolus | on fibula
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| foramen magnum | on occipital bone
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| zygomatic process | temporal bone
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| medial malleolus | tibia
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| greater sciatic notch | coxal
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| obturator foramen | coxal
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| olecranon process | ulna
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| symphysis pubis | coxal
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| greater trochanter | femur
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| acromion process | scapula
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| external auditory meatus | temporal
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| iliac crest | coxal
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| olecranon fossa | humerus
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| glenoid cavity | scapula
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| acetabulum | coxal
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| ischial tuberosity | coxal
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| odentoid process ("dens") | axis
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| mastoid process | temporal
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| sella turcica | sphenoid
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| xiphoid process | sternum
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| coracoid process | scapula
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| lesser trochanter | femur
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| jugular notch | sternum
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| type of freely movable joint at the elbow | hinge
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| type of joint formed by acetabulum and head of femur | ball and socket
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| type of joint that connects frontal and parietal bones | suture
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| small sacs of synovial fluid that ease movement at the joint | bursae
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| type of joint the symphysis pubis and invertebral discs are | slightly movable joints
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| type of joint formed by head of humerus and glenoid cavity | ball and socket
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| tiptoe position | plantar flexion
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| bending the foot towards the shin | dorsiflexion
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| type of joint formed by the distal finger bones | hinge
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| circular type of movement made by ball and socket joints | circumduction
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| type of movement as the lower arm bends toward upper arm, decreasing angle of joint | flexion
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| tough strands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone | ligament
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| straightening of a joint so that the angle between bones increases | extension
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| example of an immovable joint | suture
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| bones that are longer than wide, found in arms and legs | long bones
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| bones shaped like cubes, primarily found in wrist + ankles | short bones
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| bones that are thin, flat, curved. form breastbone, ribs, skull | flat bones
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| bones that are differently shaped, hip bones, vertebrae, various bones in skull | irregular bones
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| less dense type of bone, located at ends of long bones and center of other bones | spongy (cancellous) bone
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| the microscopic unit of compact bone | osteon/haversian system
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| bone is also called _______ tissue | osseous
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| bone cells | osteocytes
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| 3 functions of skeletal system | support/protect organs, support weight of body, enables body to move, stores calcium and phosphorus, red bone marrow produces blood cells
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| where is red marrow found in adults? | spongy bone
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| the hollow center of the diaphysis | medullary cavity
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| inside of the medullary cavity, lined with connective tissue called....? | endosteum
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| tough fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers outside of diaphysis | periosteum
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| found on the outer surface of epiphysis, forms smooth, shiny surface that decreases friction w/in a joint | articular cartilage
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| the formation of bone | ossification
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| process whereby osteoclasts breakdown bone matrix | bone resorption
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| a large rounded knob that usually articulates w/ another bone | condyle
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| enlargement above/near a condyle | epicondyle
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| an enlarged and rounded end of a bone | head
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| small, flattened surface | facet
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| ridge on a bone | crest
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| prominent projection on a bone | process
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| a sharp projection | spine
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| knoblike projection | tubercle (tuberocity)
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| a large tubercle, found only on femur | trochanter
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| opening through a bone, usually serves as a passageway for nerves blood vessels and ligaments | foramen
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| depression or groove | fossa
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| tunnel or tubelike passageway | meatus
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| cavity or hollow space | sinus
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| axial skeletal includes | bones of skull, hyoid bone, bones of the middle ear, vertebral column, and bony thorax
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| appendicular skeleton | includes bones of extremities, hip and shoulder girdles
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| a bony structure that protects/encases brain | cranium
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| bone that forms the forehead, upper part of the bony structure surrounding the eyes | frontal bone
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| form the upper sides of the head, roof of cranial cavity (top of head) | parietal bones
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| sides of head, close to ears | temporal bones
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| opening for the ear, located on temporal bone | external auditory meatus
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| forms part of cheekbone, located on temporal bone | zygomatic process
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| sharp projection used as a point of attachment used for several muscles associated w/ tongue and larynx, located on temporal bone | styloid process
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| forms point of attachment for some of the muscles of the neck, located on temporal bone | mastoid process
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| bone located at back and base of skull | occipital bone
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| large hole in the occipital bone | foramen magnum
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| butterfly-shaped bone that forms part of the floor and sides of cranium | sphenoid bone
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| depression in the midline of sphenoid bone | sella turcica
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| irregularly shaped bone located between eye orbits, helps form bony structure of nasal cavity | ethmoid bone
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| lower jaw bone | mandible
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| bone that carries the upper teeth | maxilla
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| form the posterior part of the hard palate and floor of nasal cavity | palatine bones
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| extension of the maxilla that forms anterior portion of hard palate | palatine process
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| cheekbones | zygomatic bones
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| other facial bones (besides mandible, maxilla, palatine and zygomatic) | lacrimal bones, nasal bones, vomer, inferior nasal conchae
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| air filled cavities located in several of the bones of the skull | sinuses
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| what are the 4 sinuses called (1 word) | paranasal sinuses
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| what are the paranasal sinuses | frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary sinus
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| skull joint | suture
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| the suture at the top of the skull | coronal suture
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| suture between parietal bone and temporal bone | squamous suture
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| suture between occipital bone and parietal bone | lambdoidal suture
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| u-shaped bone located in upper neck | hyoid bone
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| bones of the middle ear | ossicles
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| how many bones in the vertebral column? | 26
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| how many cervical vertebrae | 7
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| how many thoracic vertebrae | 12
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| how many lumbar vertebrae | 5
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| name the 4 curvatures of the spine | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
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| large bump at the back of your neck | vertebrae C7, vertebra prominens
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| vertebrae level at your hips | L4
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| forms the posterior wall of the pelvis | sacrum
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| tailbone | coccyx
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| first cervical vertebrae | Atlas
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| 2nd cervical vertebrae | Axis
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| opening for the spinal cord | vertebral foramen
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| failure of the lamina to fuse during fetal development | spina bifida
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| cervical vertebrae that allows you to nod "yes" | atlas
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| cervical vertebrae that allows you to "no" (side to side) | axis
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| lateral curvature in the thoracic vertebrae | scoliosis
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| exaggerated thoracic curvature, hunchback | kyphosis
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| exaggerated lumbar curvature, swayback | lordosis
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| dagger-shaped bone located along the midline of chest | sternum
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| 3 parts of the sternum | manubrium, body, xiphoid process
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| cartilage of the ribs | costal cartilage
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| notch between the two clavicals | suprasternal notch
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| landmark at the level of second rib "angle of louis" | sternomanubrial junction
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| large, flat bone shaped like a triangle, shoulder blade | scapula
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| site on the scapula where the head of the humerus fits | glenoid cavity
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| the pointy part of the shoulder | acromion process
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| serve as points of attachment between scapula, clavicle and humerus | acromion and coracoid processes
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| depression of the humerus that holds the olecranon process of the ulna | olecranon fossa
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| bony point of the elbow | olecranon process
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| composed of 2 coxal bones that articulate w/ each other anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly | pelvic girdle
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| formed by the pelvic girdle, sacrum, coccyx | pelvis
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| female pelvis | broader and shallower than male
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| male pelvis | narrow, funnel-shaped
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| largest part of coxal bone | ilium
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| flared upper part of coxal bone, can be felt at hip | ilium
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| most inferior part of coxal bone | ischium
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| part of the coxal bone where you sit | ischial tuberocity
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| most anterior part of the coxal bone | pubis
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| largest foramen in body | obturator foramen
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| large hole that's formed as pubic bone fuses w/ part of the ischium | obturator foramen
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| area surrounded by flaring parts of the 2 iliac bones | false pelvis
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| lies below false pelvis, much smaller | true pelvis
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| another name for true pelvis | pelvic brim
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| longest/strongest bone in body | femur
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| bone that is most easily broken in older people during a fall | neck of femur
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| kneecap | patella
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| site of attachment for the muscles and ligaments from the thigh | tibial tuberosity
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| site where 2 bones meet | articulation
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| branch of science that studies joints | arthrology
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| branch of science that studies diseases of joints | rheumatology
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| freely moveable joints | synovial joints
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| made of fibrous connective tissue, encloses joint in strong sleevelike covering | joint capsule
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| membrane that lines joint capsule | synovial membrane
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| lubes bones in joints | synovial fluid
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| ligaments surrounding the joint | supporting ligaments
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| 2 crescent shaped pads of cartilage on knee | medial and lateral meniscus
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| cruciate ligaments of te knee joint (2) | anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament
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| joint at the mandible and temporal bones | temporomandibular
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| joint at the manubrium and clavical | sternoclavicular
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| joint at the sternum and manubrium | sternomanubrial
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| joint at the acromion process and clavicle | acromioclavicular
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| joint at the glenoid cavity and humerus | glenohumeral
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| joint at ulna and humerus | humeroulnar
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| joint at carpals and radius | radiocarpal
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| knuckle joints | metacarpophalangeal
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| joint at knee | tibiofemoral
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| joint of tibia and fibula, top of lower leg | proximal tibiofibular
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| joint of tibia and fibula, bottom of lower leg | distal tibiofibular
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| allows for rotation around the length of a bone | pivot joint
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| formed when ball shaped end of one bone fits into cup-shaped socket of another bone | ball and socket joint
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| immovable joints | cranial bones
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| slightly movable joints | intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis
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| example of a condyloid joint | jawbone, knuckles
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| gliding joints | carpals
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| saddle joint | thumb
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| pivot joint | atlas and axis
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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