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Skeletal System
A&P Ch. 8 - Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dense, hard type of bone | Compact bone |
| Bony plates found in spongy bone | Trabeculae |
| Band of hyaline cartilage at ends of long bone | Epiphyseal disc |
| longitudinal bone growth occurs here | epiphyseal disc |
| tough outer connective tissue covering the diaphysis of a long bone | periosteum |
| hollow center of the shaft of the bone | medullary cavity |
| found on the outer surface of the epiphysis | articular cartilage |
| mature bone cell | osteocyte |
| microscopic unit of compact bone, also called an osteon | haversian system |
| inner lining of the medullary cavity of a long bone | endosteum |
| the shaft of a long bone | diaphysis |
| site of blood cell formation | bone marrow |
| bone building cell | osteoblast |
| eroding activity of this cell remodels and expands the medullary cavity | osteoclast |
| cancellous bone | spongy bone |
| enlarged end of a long bone | epiphysis |
| this type of bone has a punched or swiss cheese appearance | spongy bone |
| called the growth plate | epiphyseal disc |
| this cell is responsible for bone resorption | osteoclast |
| lower jaw bone, contains the lower teeth | mandible |
| opening in the temporal bone for the ear | external auditory meatus |
| upper jaw bone, contains upper teeth | maxilla |
| cheekbones, form part of the orbits for eyes | zygomatic bones |
| forms the top and sides of the skull | parietal |
| forms the bony structure of the nasal cavity | ethmoid |
| forms the chin | mandible |
| forms the floor and back wall of the cranium | occipital |
| the large hole in this bone is called the foramen magnum | occipital |
| forms the forehead | frontal |
| forms the posterior part of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity | palatine bones |
| butterfly-shaped bone that forms part of the floor/sides of cranium, the sella turcica houses the pituitary gland | sphenoid |
| on sides of head close to ears | temporal |
| contains external auditory meatus, styloid process, zygomatic process, mastoid process | temporal |
| articulates with the temporal bone to form a freely movable joint | mandible |
| bone that articulates w/ parietal bone at coronal suture | frontal |
| first seven pairs of ribs | true ribs |
| next 5 pairs of ribs (after first seven) | false ribs |
| last two pairs of false ribs | floating ribs |
| lower tip of the sternum | xiphoid process |
| ribs that are closest to clavicle | true ribs |
| depression on superior border of the manubrium | suprasternal notch |
| ribs that attach directly to the sternum by the costal cartilage | true ribs |
| the part of the sternum closest to the collarbone | manubrium |
| ribs that do not attach to sternum | floating ribs |
| ribs that attach indirectly to sternum | false ribs |
| also called the angle of louis | manubriosternal junction |
| should be less than 90 degrees | costal angle |
| rib #2 located at this articulation | manubriosternal junction |
| largest part of sternum, located between manubrium and xiphoid process | body |
| articulation between manubrium and body of the breastbone | manubriosternal junction |
| shoulder blade/wing bone | scapula |
| depression where head of humerus articulates w/ the scapula | glenoid cavity |
| long bone of upper arm | humerus |
| bony point of ulna that forms the elbow | olecranon process |
| collarbone | clavicle |
| bones that form palm of the hand | metacarpals |
| 14 bones that form the fingers | phalanges |
| bone that contains the glenoid cavity | scapula |
| clavicle and scapula form this structure | acromion |
| scapula articulates with this bone to form a ball-and-socket joint at shoulder | humerus |
| ulna and this bone articulate to form a hinge joint at elbow | humerus |
| bone that contains the olecranon fossa | humerus |
| long bone in lower arm that is located on the side of the little finger | ulna |
| wrist bones | carpals |
| bone in lower arm on thumb side | radius |
| pointy part of shoulder | acromion |
| also called the shoulder girdle | pectoral girdle |
| head of this bone articulates with the glenoid cavity | humerus |
| contains acromion and coracoid process | scapula |
| bones that articulate w/ the proximal phalanges | metacarpals |
| bone that contains the olecranon process | ulna |
| the radius and this bone "cross" during supination | ulna |
| long slender bone that articulates w/ both the sternum and the scapula | clavicle |
| the thumb | pollux |
| phalange that contains only two bones | pollux |
| part of the coxal bone on which you sit | ischial tuberosity |
| bone that contains the obturator foramen | coxal bone |
| kneecap | patella |
| shinbone | tibia |
| cartilaginous disc between the 2 pubic bones, disc expands during pregnancy | symphysis pubis |
| part of the hipbone that flares | ilium |
| instep of the foot is formed by these bones | metatarsals |
| thin non-weight bearing long bone of leg | fibula |
| heel bone | calcaneus |
| bony process on the femur | trochanter |
| toes | phalanges |
| largest bone on body | femur |
| head of femur articulates w/ this depression in the coxal bone | acetabulum |
| depression formed by union of the ilium, ischium, pubis | acetabulum |
| formed by the two coxal bones | pelvic girdle |
| distal end of this bone is the lateral malleolus | fibula |
| articulates w/ coxal bone to form the hip and tibia to form the knee | femur |
| distal end of this bone is the medial malleolus | tibia |
| the great toe | hallux |
| this tarsal articulates w/ both tibia and fibula | talus |
| long weight-bearing bone in the leg | tibia |
| forms ball of foot | metatarsals |
| the 2-bone phalange | hallux |
| part of the coxal bone on which you sit | ischial tuberosity |
| bone that contains the obturator foramen | coxal bone |
| kneecap | patella |
| shinbone | tibia |
| cartilaginous disc between the 2 pubic bones, disc expands during pregnancy | symphysis pubis |
| part of the hipbone that flares | ilium |
| instep of the foot is formed by these bones | metatarsals |
| thin non-weight bearing long bone of leg | fibula |
| heel bone | calcaneus |
| bony process on the femur | trochanter |
| toes | phalanges |
| largest bone on body | femur |
| head of femur articulates w/ this depression in the coxal bone | acetabulum |
| depression formed by union of the ilium, ischium, pubis | acetabulum |
| formed by the two coxal bones | pelvic girdle |
| distal end of this bone is the lateral malleolus | fibula |
| articulates w/ coxal bone to form the hip and tibia to form the knee | femur |
| distal end of this bone is the medial malleolus | tibia |
| the great toe | hallux |
| this tarsal articulates w/ both tibia and fibula | talus |
| long weight-bearing bone in the leg | tibia |
| forms ball of foot | metatarsals |
| the 2-bone phalange | hallux |
| lateral malleolus | on fibula |
| foramen magnum | on occipital bone |
| zygomatic process | temporal bone |
| medial malleolus | tibia |
| greater sciatic notch | coxal |
| obturator foramen | coxal |
| olecranon process | ulna |
| symphysis pubis | coxal |
| greater trochanter | femur |
| acromion process | scapula |
| external auditory meatus | temporal |
| iliac crest | coxal |
| olecranon fossa | humerus |
| glenoid cavity | scapula |
| acetabulum | coxal |
| ischial tuberosity | coxal |
| odentoid process ("dens") | axis |
| mastoid process | temporal |
| sella turcica | sphenoid |
| xiphoid process | sternum |
| coracoid process | scapula |
| lesser trochanter | femur |
| jugular notch | sternum |
| type of freely movable joint at the elbow | hinge |
| type of joint formed by acetabulum and head of femur | ball and socket |
| type of joint that connects frontal and parietal bones | suture |
| small sacs of synovial fluid that ease movement at the joint | bursae |
| type of joint the symphysis pubis and invertebral discs are | slightly movable joints |
| type of joint formed by head of humerus and glenoid cavity | ball and socket |
| tiptoe position | plantar flexion |
| bending the foot towards the shin | dorsiflexion |
| type of joint formed by the distal finger bones | hinge |
| circular type of movement made by ball and socket joints | circumduction |
| type of movement as the lower arm bends toward upper arm, decreasing angle of joint | flexion |
| tough strands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone | ligament |
| straightening of a joint so that the angle between bones increases | extension |
| example of an immovable joint | suture |
| bones that are longer than wide, found in arms and legs | long bones |
| bones shaped like cubes, primarily found in wrist + ankles | short bones |
| bones that are thin, flat, curved. form breastbone, ribs, skull | flat bones |
| bones that are differently shaped, hip bones, vertebrae, various bones in skull | irregular bones |
| less dense type of bone, located at ends of long bones and center of other bones | spongy (cancellous) bone |
| the microscopic unit of compact bone | osteon/haversian system |
| bone is also called _______ tissue | osseous |
| bone cells | osteocytes |
| 3 functions of skeletal system | support/protect organs, support weight of body, enables body to move, stores calcium and phosphorus, red bone marrow produces blood cells |
| where is red marrow found in adults? | spongy bone |
| the hollow center of the diaphysis | medullary cavity |
| inside of the medullary cavity, lined with connective tissue called....? | endosteum |
| tough fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers outside of diaphysis | periosteum |
| found on the outer surface of epiphysis, forms smooth, shiny surface that decreases friction w/in a joint | articular cartilage |
| the formation of bone | ossification |
| process whereby osteoclasts breakdown bone matrix | bone resorption |
| a large rounded knob that usually articulates w/ another bone | condyle |
| enlargement above/near a condyle | epicondyle |
| an enlarged and rounded end of a bone | head |
| small, flattened surface | facet |
| ridge on a bone | crest |
| prominent projection on a bone | process |
| a sharp projection | spine |
| knoblike projection | tubercle (tuberocity) |
| a large tubercle, found only on femur | trochanter |
| opening through a bone, usually serves as a passageway for nerves blood vessels and ligaments | foramen |
| depression or groove | fossa |
| tunnel or tubelike passageway | meatus |
| cavity or hollow space | sinus |
| axial skeletal includes | bones of skull, hyoid bone, bones of the middle ear, vertebral column, and bony thorax |
| appendicular skeleton | includes bones of extremities, hip and shoulder girdles |
| a bony structure that protects/encases brain | cranium |
| bone that forms the forehead, upper part of the bony structure surrounding the eyes | frontal bone |
| form the upper sides of the head, roof of cranial cavity (top of head) | parietal bones |
| sides of head, close to ears | temporal bones |
| opening for the ear, located on temporal bone | external auditory meatus |
| forms part of cheekbone, located on temporal bone | zygomatic process |
| sharp projection used as a point of attachment used for several muscles associated w/ tongue and larynx, located on temporal bone | styloid process |
| forms point of attachment for some of the muscles of the neck, located on temporal bone | mastoid process |
| bone located at back and base of skull | occipital bone |
| large hole in the occipital bone | foramen magnum |
| butterfly-shaped bone that forms part of the floor and sides of cranium | sphenoid bone |
| depression in the midline of sphenoid bone | sella turcica |
| irregularly shaped bone located between eye orbits, helps form bony structure of nasal cavity | ethmoid bone |
| lower jaw bone | mandible |
| bone that carries the upper teeth | maxilla |
| form the posterior part of the hard palate and floor of nasal cavity | palatine bones |
| extension of the maxilla that forms anterior portion of hard palate | palatine process |
| cheekbones | zygomatic bones |
| other facial bones (besides mandible, maxilla, palatine and zygomatic) | lacrimal bones, nasal bones, vomer, inferior nasal conchae |
| air filled cavities located in several of the bones of the skull | sinuses |
| what are the 4 sinuses called (1 word) | paranasal sinuses |
| what are the paranasal sinuses | frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary sinus |
| skull joint | suture |
| the suture at the top of the skull | coronal suture |
| suture between parietal bone and temporal bone | squamous suture |
| suture between occipital bone and parietal bone | lambdoidal suture |
| u-shaped bone located in upper neck | hyoid bone |
| bones of the middle ear | ossicles |
| how many bones in the vertebral column? | 26 |
| how many cervical vertebrae | 7 |
| how many thoracic vertebrae | 12 |
| how many lumbar vertebrae | 5 |
| name the 4 curvatures of the spine | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral |
| large bump at the back of your neck | vertebrae C7, vertebra prominens |
| vertebrae level at your hips | L4 |
| forms the posterior wall of the pelvis | sacrum |
| tailbone | coccyx |
| first cervical vertebrae | Atlas |
| 2nd cervical vertebrae | Axis |
| opening for the spinal cord | vertebral foramen |
| failure of the lamina to fuse during fetal development | spina bifida |
| cervical vertebrae that allows you to nod "yes" | atlas |
| cervical vertebrae that allows you to "no" (side to side) | axis |
| lateral curvature in the thoracic vertebrae | scoliosis |
| exaggerated thoracic curvature, hunchback | kyphosis |
| exaggerated lumbar curvature, swayback | lordosis |
| dagger-shaped bone located along the midline of chest | sternum |
| 3 parts of the sternum | manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
| cartilage of the ribs | costal cartilage |
| notch between the two clavicals | suprasternal notch |
| landmark at the level of second rib "angle of louis" | sternomanubrial junction |
| large, flat bone shaped like a triangle, shoulder blade | scapula |
| site on the scapula where the head of the humerus fits | glenoid cavity |
| the pointy part of the shoulder | acromion process |
| serve as points of attachment between scapula, clavicle and humerus | acromion and coracoid processes |
| depression of the humerus that holds the olecranon process of the ulna | olecranon fossa |
| bony point of the elbow | olecranon process |
| composed of 2 coxal bones that articulate w/ each other anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly | pelvic girdle |
| formed by the pelvic girdle, sacrum, coccyx | pelvis |
| female pelvis | broader and shallower than male |
| male pelvis | narrow, funnel-shaped |
| largest part of coxal bone | ilium |
| flared upper part of coxal bone, can be felt at hip | ilium |
| most inferior part of coxal bone | ischium |
| part of the coxal bone where you sit | ischial tuberocity |
| most anterior part of the coxal bone | pubis |
| largest foramen in body | obturator foramen |
| large hole that's formed as pubic bone fuses w/ part of the ischium | obturator foramen |
| area surrounded by flaring parts of the 2 iliac bones | false pelvis |
| lies below false pelvis, much smaller | true pelvis |
| another name for true pelvis | pelvic brim |
| longest/strongest bone in body | femur |
| bone that is most easily broken in older people during a fall | neck of femur |
| kneecap | patella |
| site of attachment for the muscles and ligaments from the thigh | tibial tuberosity |
| site where 2 bones meet | articulation |
| branch of science that studies joints | arthrology |
| branch of science that studies diseases of joints | rheumatology |
| freely moveable joints | synovial joints |
| made of fibrous connective tissue, encloses joint in strong sleevelike covering | joint capsule |
| membrane that lines joint capsule | synovial membrane |
| lubes bones in joints | synovial fluid |
| ligaments surrounding the joint | supporting ligaments |
| 2 crescent shaped pads of cartilage on knee | medial and lateral meniscus |
| cruciate ligaments of te knee joint (2) | anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament |
| joint at the mandible and temporal bones | temporomandibular |
| joint at the manubrium and clavical | sternoclavicular |
| joint at the sternum and manubrium | sternomanubrial |
| joint at the acromion process and clavicle | acromioclavicular |
| joint at the glenoid cavity and humerus | glenohumeral |
| joint at ulna and humerus | humeroulnar |
| joint at carpals and radius | radiocarpal |
| knuckle joints | metacarpophalangeal |
| joint at knee | tibiofemoral |
| joint of tibia and fibula, top of lower leg | proximal tibiofibular |
| joint of tibia and fibula, bottom of lower leg | distal tibiofibular |
| allows for rotation around the length of a bone | pivot joint |
| formed when ball shaped end of one bone fits into cup-shaped socket of another bone | ball and socket joint |
| immovable joints | cranial bones |
| slightly movable joints | intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis |
| example of a condyloid joint | jawbone, knuckles |
| gliding joints | carpals |
| saddle joint | thumb |
| pivot joint | atlas and axis |
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