Medical Terminology_101
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| Abduction | lateral movement of the limbs away from the median plane of the body
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| Adduction | movement of a limb or eye toward the median plane of the body.
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| Adverse reaction | harmful or unintended effect of a medication, diagnostic test, or therapeutic intervention.
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| Aerobic | of or pertaining to the presence of air or oxygen; requiring oxygen for the maintenance of life.
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| Afebrile | without fever.
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| Alopecia | Partial or complete loss of hair; baldness.
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| Anaerobic | absence of oxygen.
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| Anemia | disorder characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood
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| Angioedema | a condition marked by the development of edematous areas of skin, mucous membranes, or internal organs.
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| Anorexia | condition in which ill or debilitated clients have poor appetites.
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| Aphasia | neurological disorder influencing the production and understanding of language.
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| Apical impulse | point at which the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall; best site for auscultation of heart sounds; also called the point of maximal impulse (PMI).
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| Asepsis | absence of germs or microorganisms
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| Ataxia | defective muscular coordination, especially manifested when voluntary muscular movements are manifested.
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| Atelectasis | collapse of alveoli, preventing the normal respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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| Atrophy | wasting or diminution of size or physiological activity of a part of the body caused by disease or other influences
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| Autonomy | ability or tendency to function independently.
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| Biopsy | removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination
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| Blanching | whitening of the skin from pressure, vasoconstriction, or hypotension
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| Bruit | abnormal sound or murmur heard while auscultating an organ, gland, or artery
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| Buccal | of or pertaining to the inside of the cheek or the gum next to the cheek
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| Cachexia | general ill health and malnutrition marked by weakness and emaciation
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| Cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in hemoglobin.
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| Defecation | passage of feces from the digestive tract through the rectum
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| Dehiscence | separation of a wound's edges that reveals underlying tissues
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| Dehydration | excessive loss of water from the body tissues, accompanied by a disturbance of body electrolytes.
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| Diaphoresis | secretion of sweat, especially profuse secretion associated with an elevated body temperature, physical exertion, or emotional stress
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| Diarrhea | increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces
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| Distal | farthest from the center, from a medial line, or from the trunk.
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| Distention | swelling of a body cavity; may be caused by fluid, gas, or a mass
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| Diuresis | increased formation and excretion of urine
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| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing.
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| Dysphasia | impairment of the speech resulting from a brain lesion or neurodevelopmental disorder
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| Dyspnea | shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing that may be caused by certainheart or lung conditions or strenuous exercise
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| Dysrhythmia | heartbeat that deviates from the normal pattern.
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| Ecchymosis | a bruise, that is, superficial bleeding under the skin or a mucous membrane
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| Edematous/Edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues
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| Embolus | a foreign object, a quantity of air or gas, a bit of tissue or tumor, or a piece of thrombus that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel
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| Empathy | ability to understand and accept another person's reality.
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| Endoscopy | visualization of the interior of body organs and cavities with an endoscope
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| Epistaxis | hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed.
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| Erythema | redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes that is a result of dilation and congestion of superficial capillaries; sunburn is an example
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| Eupnea | normal respiration that is quiet, effortless, and rhythmic
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| Evisceration | protrusion of visceral organs through a surgical wound
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| Excoriation | injury to the skin's surface caused by abrasion
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| Extension | a movement that brings the members of a limb into or toward a straight line.
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| Febrile | pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature
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| Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) | refers to a fever whose cause cannot be determined
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| Flaccid | relaxed; flabby; having defective or absent muscle tone.
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| Flatulence | condition characterized by the accumulation of gas within the lumen of the intestines.
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| Flexion | the act of bending or condition of being bent in contrast to extension
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| Halitosis | offensive breath resulting from poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infection, ingestion of certain foods, or systemic disease
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| Hematemesis | vomiting of blood; indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding
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| Hematocrit | measure of the packed cell volume of red cells, expressed as a percentage of the total blood volume
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| Hematoma | collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or an organ.
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| Hematuria | abnormal presence of blood in the urine
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| Hemiparesis | muscular weakness of one half of the body
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| Hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body
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| Hemoglobin | the iron-containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.
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| Hemoptysis | coughing of blood from the respiratory tract
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| Hemorrhage | external or internal loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time.
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| Hemostasis | termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the coagulation process of the body.
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| Hirsutism | excessive body hair in a masculine distribution caused by heredity, hormonal dysfunction, or medication
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| Hyperglycemia | abnormally high blood sugar levels, as are found in people with diabetes mellitus or people treated with some drugs such as steroids
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| Hyperthermia | situation in which body temperature exceeds the set point; fever
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| Hypoglycemia | an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood, often associated with neurological side effects and arousal of the sympathetic nervous system.
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| Hypothermia | abnormal lowering of body temperature below 95° F (35° C),usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold
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| Hypovolemia | decreased circulatory blood volume resulting from extracellular fluid losses
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| Hypoxemia | abnormal deficiency of oxygen in arterial blood
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| Ideal Body Weight (IBW) | estimate of what a person should weigh
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| Incontinence | inability to control urination
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| Indurated | hardened tissue, particularly skin, due to edema, inflammation, or infiltration by a tumor.
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| Inferior | beneath; lower
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| Intake | that which is taken in, especially food and liquids
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| Ischemia | a temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue
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| -itis | suffix meaning inflammation of
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| Jaundice | yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera, caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood
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| Kyphosis | exaggeration of the posterior curvature of the thoracic spine.
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| Leukocytosis | abnormal increase in the number of circulating white blood cells
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| Lordosis | increased lumbar curvature
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| Malaise | a subjective sense of discomfort, weakness, fatigue, or feeling rundown that may occur alone or accompany other symptoms and illnesses
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| Meatus | opening through any part of the body (e.g., the urethral meatus).
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| Metastasize | to spread.
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| Necrotic | of or pertaining to the death of tissue in response to disease or injury
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| Neuropathy | abnormal condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of peripheral nerves that alter sensory or motor function
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| Nocturia | urination at night; can be a symptom of renal disease or may occur in persons who drink excessive amounts of fluids before bedtime
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| Nystagmus | involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes; the oscillations may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed
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| Occlusion | blockage in a canal, vessel, or passage of the body.
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| Oliguria | diminished capacity to form and pass urine.
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| Orthopnea | abnormal respiratory symptom in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably.
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| Orthostatic Hypotension | drop in systolic blood pressure of 15 mm Hg or more when a person rises from a recumbent position to a sitting or standing position
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| Output | end product of a system.
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| Palliative Care | the prevention, relief, reduction, or soothing of symptoms of disease or disorders without effecting a cure
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| Pancytopenia | a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood
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| Perfusion | passage of a fluid, such as blood, through a specific organ or an area of the body.
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| Peristalsis | coordinated, rhythmic, serial contractions of smooth muscle that force food through the digestive tract.
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| Petechiae | tiny purple or red spots that appear on the skin as minute hemorrhages within dermal layers.
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| Phlebitis | inflammation of a vein.
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| Pneumothorax | collection of air or gas in the pleural space
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| Polyps | small tumorlike growths that projects from a mucous membrane surface
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| Polyuria | excretion of an abnormally large volume of urine
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| Prone | horizontal with the face downward
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| Proximal | nearest the point of attachment, center of the body, or point of reference
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| Pruritis | symptom of itching
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| Purulent | producing or containing pus.
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| Sanguineous | fluid containing red blood cells
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| Scoliosis | lateral spinal curvature
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| Sepsis | a systemic inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and evidence of inadequate blood flow to internal organs
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| Serosanguineous | containing both serum and blood
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| Serous | a clear (like plasma) fluid that forms an exudate at the site of an inflammation.
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| Sloughing | shedding off of dead tissue cells
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| Stoma | artificially created opening between a body cavity and the body's surface (e.g., a colostomy) formed from a portion of the colon pulled through the abdominal wall.
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| Strabismus | abnormal ocular condition in which the eyes are crossed
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| Stria | streak or linear scar that results from rapidly developing tension in the skin, commonly seen on the abdomen after pregnancy
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| Sublingual | route of medication administration in which the medication is placed underneath the client's tongue
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| Superior | higher than; situated above something else
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| Supine | lying on the back with the face upward
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| Syncope | transient (and usually sudden) loss of consciousness, accompanied by an inability to maintain an upright posture
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| Thrombocytopenia | an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets
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| Thrombus | accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the vessel.
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| Turgor | normal resiliency of the skin caused by the outward pressure of the cells and interstitial fluid.
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| Urticaria | multiple swollen raised areas on the skin that are intensely itchy and last up to 24 hr; they may appear primarily on the chest, back, extremities, face, or scalp
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| Urosepsis | condition caused by bacteria in the urine that may lead to the spread of organisms into the bloodstream or kidneys.
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| Vertigo | the sensation of moving around in space or of having objects move about the person
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