AnP Final Exam
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| show | d. innervate the viscera.
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| show | d. The postganglionic receptor is muscarinic.
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| 3. Which of the following is most descriptive of the PNS? a. fight-or-flight b. Preganglionic fibers are adrenergic. c. Postganglionic fibers are adrenergic. d. The postganglionic receptor is muscarinic. | show 🗑
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| 4. Stimulation of the SNS causes the heart to beat stronger and faster. A drug that also causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is described as a. parasympatholytic. b. vagomimetic. c. sympathomimetic. d. sympatholytic. | show 🗑
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| show | a. A vasoconstrictor effect caused by background firing of the sympathetic nerves.
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| 6. What is the clinical consequence of loss of vasomotor tone? a. urticaria and pruritus b. lethargy and jaundice c. severe decline in blood pressure and shock d. elevation in blood pressure and hemorrhage | show 🗑
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| 7. Paravertebral ganglia a. contain beta-adrenergic receptors that are activated by NE. b. are part of the craniosacral outflow. c. are located within the SNS. d. are located within the effector organs. | show 🗑
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| show | b. Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
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| show | d. Activated by NE.
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| show | b. Sympathomimetic.
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| 11. Which of the following fibers secretes NE? a. preganglionic sympathetic b. preganglionic parasympathetic c. postganglionic sympathetic d. postganglionic parasympathetic | show 🗑
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| 12. Which of the following is least descriptive of monoamine oxidase (MAO)? a. enzyme that degrades NE b. found within all cholinergic fibers c. associated with sympathetic activity d. associated with adrenergic fibers | show 🗑
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| 13. A beta1-adrenergic agonist a. increases heart rate. b. causes the release of acetylcholine. c. blocks the effects of NE at its receptor site. d. lowers blood pressure. | show 🗑
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| 14. Atropine is classified as a muscarinic blocker and therefore is a. parasympathomimetic. b. sympatholytic. c. vagolytic. d. sympathomimetic. | show 🗑
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| show | b. the effector organs—postganglionic parasympathetic.
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| 16. SNS stimulation causes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, thereby elevating blood pressure. Which of the following drugs lowers blood pressure? a. vagolytic b. sympathomimetic c. alpha1-adrenergic blocker d. beta2-adrenergic agonist | show 🗑
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| show | a. beta2-adrenergic agonist.
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| 18. A patient received an antimuscarinic drug (atropine) preoperatively. What drug-related postoperative consequence is he or she likely to experience? a. slow heart rate b. inability to urinate c. excess salivation d. pinpoint pupils | show 🗑
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| 19. Which of the following neurotransmitters activates muscarinic receptors? a. acetylcholinesterase b. dopamine c. NE d. ACh | show 🗑
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| show | c. NE (norepinephrine).
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| 1. Which of the following is most related to phantom limb pain? a. photoreceptor b. adaptation c. projection d. accommodation | show 🗑
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| 2. Which of the following receptors adapt most rapidly? a. receptors that detect blood chemistries b. olfactory receptors c. pain receptors d. nociceptors | show 🗑
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| show | c. Pain.
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| show | d. The receptors for gustation are located on the taste buds.
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| show | a. Tears prevent corneal ulceration.
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| 6. Which of the following describes the basis for referred pain (e.g., the pain of a heart attack radiates to the left shoulder and arm)? a. Myocardial enzymes from the injured heart muscle diffuse into the shoulder region. b. The same blood vessels th | show 🗑
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| 7. Refraction is accomplished when a. the pupils constrict. b. a sensation is projected back to the receptor. c. mydriasis occurs. d. light waves are bent. | show 🗑
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| show | b. move the eyeball in the socket.
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| 9. Which of the following is not true of the retina? a. dependent on the choroid for oxygenation and nourishment b. contains the photoreceptors c. is the nervous layer of the eye d. covers the optic disc, making it the area of most acute vision | show 🗑
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| show | d. errors of refraction.
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| show | d. are ossicles located in the middle ear.
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| show | d. Fibers of the optic nerve of each eye cross and project to the opposite side of the brain.
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| 13. When drainage of the canal of Schlemm is impaired, a. lacrimation ceases. b. intraocular pressure increases. c. the person develops presbyopia. d. a cataract forms in the affected eye. | show 🗑
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| 14. Which of the following is most associated with the rods? a. color vision b. macula lutea c. fovea centralis d. night vision | show 🗑
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| 15. Which of the following is most related to the sense of hearing? a. organ of Corti b. chemoreceptors c. cranial nerve VII d. occipital lobe | show 🗑
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| 16. What is the result of contraction of the radial muscles of the eye? a. The eyeball looks toward the sky. b. The eyeball looks toward the nose. c. mydriasis d. The eyelid opens. | show 🗑
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| 17. Which of the following is least related to the middle ear? a. bone conduction b. eustachian tube c. malleus, incus, and stapes d. cochlea | show 🗑
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| 18. What causes ototoxicity? a. clouding of the lens b. paralysis of the ciliary muscles c. damage to the cochlear nerve d. collection of cerumen in the external ear | show 🗑
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| show | a. Accommodation.
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| show | b. A disturbance in vision.
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| show | b. Eustachian tube.
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| 22. Which of the following is a balance-related inner ear structure? a. semicircular canal b. organ of Corti c. eustachian tube d. cochlear nerve | show 🗑
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| 23. The primary auditory cortex a. receives sensory input from CN II. b. is located in the temporal lobe. c. is called Wernicke’s area. d. initiates the nerve impulses that move the eyeball. | show 🗑
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| 24. The eustachian tube connects the a. throat with the pharynx. b. pharynx with the middle ear. c. organ of Corti with CN VIII. d. stapes with the eustachian tube. | show 🗑
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| show | b. uvea
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| show | c. meibomian glands
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| 27. Rhodopsin and vitamin A are most associated with a. the production of tears by the lacrimal gland b. night vision c. the secretion of aqueous humor by the ciliary body d. refraction | show 🗑
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| show | d. age-related disorders of the eye and ear.
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| 29. Accommodation, convergence, and pupillary constriction occur a. whenever the room lights are dimmed. b. when an object moves closer to the eye. c. whenever sound is very loud. d. whenever the primary visual cortex is activated. | show 🗑
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| 30. A person who is photophobic a. is color blind. b. has cataracts. c. is fearful of pain-inducing exposure to light. d. is blind. | show 🗑
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| show | c. Is also called craniosacral outflow
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| show | b. Mediates feed-and-breed activities.
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| 3. What is the role of MAO? a. Destroys norepinephrine b. Activates the muscarinic receptors c. Activates the beta1-adrenergic receptors d. Inactivates acetylcholine | show 🗑
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| show | c. dilates the breathing passages.
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| show | b. slows the heart rate.
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| 6. Blockade of the alpha1-adrenergic receptors is the basis for what group of drugs? a. Hypoglycemic agents b. Blood pressure–lowering drugs c. Cardiac stimulants d. Bronchodilators | show 🗑
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| 7. Pupillary dilation, an increase in heart rate, and an inability to urinate are effects of a. alpha1-adrenergic activation. b. beta2-adrenergic activation. c. muscarinic blockade. d. vagomimetic activity. | show 🗑
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| 8. A vagolytic drug exerts the same effects as a. a sympathomimetic agent. b. a beta1-adrenergic agonist. c. a muscarinic agonist. d. an antimuscarinic agent. | show 🗑
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| 9. Fight or flight, paravertebral ganglia, and norepinephrine are most related to a. cholinergic fibers. b. sympathetic nervous system. c. nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. d. craniosacral outflow. | show 🗑
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| 10. Feed and breed, craniosacral outflow, and ACh are most related to the a. sympathetic nervous system. b. adrenergic fibers. c. nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. d. paravertebral ganglia. | show 🗑
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| 1. The retina a. refracts light. b. contains rods and cones. c. covers the optic disc, the area of most acute vision. d. secretes vitreous humor. | show 🗑
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| 3. A drug or effect that is described as mydriatic a. decreases intraocular pressure. b. dilates the pupil. c. increases the secretion of aqueous humor. d. increases the numbers of cones. | show 🗑
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| 4. Which of the following describes the inner ear? a. It contains the malleus, incus, and stapes. b. It connects with the pharynx by the eustachian tube. c. It is the location of the organ of Corti. d. It is concerned with bone conduction. | show 🗑
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| show | a. is the receptor for hearing.
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| show | b. classified as general senses.
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| 7. Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI a. carry sensory information from the retina to the occipital lobe. b. carry sensory information from the organ of Corti to the primary auditory cortex. c. innervate the extrinsic eye muscles. d. are the m | show 🗑
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| 8. Which of the following is not a sense? a. Gustation b. Lacrimation c. Olfaction d. Proprioception | show 🗑
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| 9. Which of the following best describes these structures: superior oblique, inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus? a. Cranial nerves that stimulate the extrinsic eye muscles b. Muscles that form t | show 🗑
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| 10. Identify the sensation that matches the following descriptions: gustation, chemoreceptors, and CNs VII, IX, and X. a. Smell b. Lacrimation c. Taste d. Balance | show 🗑
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| 11. Where are the receptors for static and dynamic equilibrium? a. Inner ear b. Cerebellum c. Ciliary body d. Cochlea | show 🗑
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| show | b. The vestibule and semicircular canals.
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| show | c. Pain
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| show | b. are concerned with refraction.
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| 15. Which of the following is least related to the eyelids? a. Levator palpebrae superioris b. CN III c. Ptosis, causing a “sleepy” appearance d. Optic nerve | show 🗑
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