Fungi
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| Fungi are most closely related to | animals.
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| Select the four traditional fungal phyla. | Zygomycota
Chytridiomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
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| Which fungal phyla belong to the subdivision of the "chytrids"? | Neocallimastigomycota
Chytridiomycota
Blastocladiomycota
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| Within the Kingdom Fungi, there are now | 6 widely recognized monophyletic groups.
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| What are fungal filaments called? | Hyphae
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| Which are the features of fungi? | Can exist as single cells or multicellular forms.
They are more closely related to animals than to plants.
They secrete enzymes to acquire nutrients.
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| Traditionally, fungi were divided into four phyla based primarily on which characteristic? | Meiosis
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| The traditionally recognized 4 fungal phyla were recognized primarily based on characteristics of | cells undergoing meiosis.
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| Monophyletic groups of fungi include | Blastocladiomycota.
Neocallimastigomycota.
Glomeromycota.
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| A mycelium is composed of filaments called | hyphae
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| What are fungal septa? | Walls that form between the cells of certain fungal hyphae.
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| The main body of a multicellular fungus is called a(n) | mycelium
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| Two haploid hyphae of compatible mating types come together and fuse during _____ reproduction in fungi. | sexual
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| A dikaryon stage can last for most of the life cycle in these fungi. | Basidiomycetes
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| The four general types of reproductive structures formed by fungi are: motile zoospores, zygosporangia, _______, and ______ | basidia and asci
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| Small cross walls between individual fungal cells of ascomycete and basidiomycete hyphae are known as | septa
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| A mass of connected hyphae is called a(n) | mycelium
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| In order for sexual reproduction to occur in a fungus, two compatible _____ types combine to trigger the formation of structures for sexual reproduction. | mating
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| Dikaryons are formed during the life cycle of these fungi: basidiomycetes and | ascomycetes
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| What prevents the hyphae that are forming reproductive structures from exhibiting cytoplasmic streaming? | Septa
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| What are fungal septa? | Walls that form between the cells of certain fungal hyphae.
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| Since fungi are heterotrophs, they are incapable of | synthesizing essential organic molecules.
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| Which term describes all fungi? | Heterotrophic
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| While some fungi are decomposers, other fungi are _____ and invade the living cells of their hosts. | parasites
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| An organism that gains resources from its host (thereby having a negative effect) but does not cause disease (except in some extreme cases) is called a(n) | parasite
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| If a symbiotic fungus can survive without its host, this relationship is described as a(n) | facultative
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| What are mycorrhizae? | Associations between the hyphae of certain fungi and the roots of plants
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| This type of mycorrhizae grows on the surfaces of tree roots and in the spaces between root cells. | Ectomycorrhizae
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| Fungi that are decomposers obtain nutrients from | dead plants and animals.
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| The symbiosis involving plant roots and glomeromycete fungal hyphae that penetrate the root cell walls is known as | arbuscular
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| An organism that gains resources from its host and causes disease is called which of the following? | pathogen
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| If a symbiosis is essential for survival, it is described as a(n) _____ symbiosis | obligate
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| Mutualistic associations between the hyphae of certain fungi and the roots of most seed plants are known as | mycorrhizae
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| Which of the following has hyphae that penetrate the outer cells of the plant root, forming distinct structures, such as minute branches? | Arbuscular mycorrhizae
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| Arbuscular mycorrhizae are composed of plant roots and | Glomeromycete fungi.
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| How does this basidiomycete life cycle differ from that of an ascomycete? | Sexual spores are on sterigma.
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| The basidiomycete mycelium composed of monokaryotic hyphae is called the _____ mycelium, while that containing dikaryotic hyphae is called the _____ mycelium | primary and secondary
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| Sexual reproduction in club fungi occurs through fusion of which of the following? | Hyphae
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| In the basidiomycetes, sexual spores are called | basidiospores
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| The ____ mycelium of basidiomycetes is heterokaryotic. | secondary
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| How does the primary mycelium in Basidiomycota differ from that of the secondary mycelium? | The primary mycelium is made up of monokaryotic hyphae, while the secondary mycelium is composed of dikaryotic hyphae.
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| Put the steps of basidiomycete sexual reproduction in order. Start with the mating of compatible hyphae at the top. | Compatible hyphae mate and a dikaryotic mycelium is found
basidia form in the basidiocarp
nuceli in basidia fuse by karyogamy
meiosis occurs
basidiospores are formed and released
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| During sexual reproduction, a hyphal branch from one mycelium fuses with a hyphal branch of a different mycelium of the same species with a compatible | mating type.
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| Sexual reproduction in ascomycetes involves the production of | haploid spores within an ascus.
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| Match the basidiomycete cell type with the karyotype. Unfused Hyphae Fused Hyphae Basidia | Haploid
Dikaryotic
Dikaryotic then Diploid
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| The most important yeast in baking, brewing, and wine making is _____ cerevisiae. | Saccharomyces
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| The glomeromycetes form intracellular associations with plant roots, called _____ mycorrhizae | arbuscular
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| Glomeromycetes cannot survive in the absence of a host | plant
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| In ascomycetes, sexual reproduction occurs within a microscopic, saclike structure called the | ascus
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| Which fungus is the most important yeast in baking, brewing, and wine making? | Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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| Arbuscular mycorrhizae are intracellular associations between which of the following? | Glomeromycetes and plant roots
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| What is the relationship between plants and glomeromycetes? | It is a mutualistic relationship: the fungus provides mineral nutrients, while the plant provided carbohydrates.
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| During sexual reproduction, the nuclei of gametes fuse in a process known as | karyogamy
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| What fungal group produces flagellated spores? | Chytrids
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| The chytrid Batrachochytrium _____ may have contributed to a die-off of amphibians. | dendrobatidis
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| The fusion of the nuclei of two gametes is called | karyogamy
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| Which of the following is a characteristic of microsporidia? | They parasitize animal cells.
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| What are zoospores? | Flagellated asexual spores
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| Chytrids are commonly found in | aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments.
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| The parasitic fungi, microsporidia were thought to be ____ because of the absence of mitochondria. | protists
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