Music Tech Midterm
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| Sound | Vibrations of matter propagated by longitudinal pressure waves
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| Music Technology | the practical application of knowledge to music
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| Frequency | The number of times a wave completes a cycle per one second(measured in Hertz/Hz)
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| Phase | How far a wave is through its cycle before it repeats again(measured in degrees)
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| Amplitude | Refers to the intensity or particle displacement of a sound wave (measured in dB)
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| Timbre | Quality given to a sound by its overtones
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| Overtones | Frequencies that vibrate above the fundamental frequency that do NOT include the fundamental frequency
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| Define the limits of the frequency range of human hearing | 20Hz-20000Hz
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| Define the threshold of human hearing and pain | 0dB SPL to 120 dB SPL
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| What band of frequencies are human ears most sensitive to? | 4,000 Hz
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| Identify microphone types | Condenser, Ribbon, Dynamic
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| Condenser Characteristics | Requires phantom power (external +48V)
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| Ribbon Characteristics | Very fragile, naturally bidirectional
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| Dynamic Characteristics | Very robust and sturdy, typically used for live performances
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| Identify microphone polar patterns | Cardioid, Bidirectional, Omnidirectional
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| Cardioid | Heart shaped, picks up sound from all directions
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| Omnidirectional | Picks up from all angles
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| Bidirectional | Figure 8 shape, picks up sound from front and back
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| Identify Cable Types | Unbalanced and balanced
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| Unbalanced cables | RCA, TS (2 wires, hot wire and ground wire)
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| Balanced cables | XLR, TRS (3 wires, hot, cold, and ground wires)
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| Identify the audio levels | Mic, line, speaker
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| Mic level | Small electrical signal when coming out of a microphone before the preamp
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| Line level | The level of signal as it leaves a mixer
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| Speaker level | Signal level of amplified signal by an active speaker or external amplifier
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| Difference between mono and stereo | mono is a one channel signal, stereo is a two channel signal between left and right
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| Identify basic elements of a mixer | input, preamp, EQ, fader, master, outputs
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| Preamp | Gain knob, boosts mic to line level
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| EQ | Boosts or cuts different frequency bands in a channel's signal
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| Fader | Control each channel's volume in the overall mix
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| Active Speakers | Has a built-in amplifier and plugs into a wall outlet
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| Passive speakers | Does not require a wall outlet, Needs an external amplifier
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| Compressed files | MP3, AAC, OGG, M4A - take up less space, easier to stream and distribute/Loss of quality
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| Uncompressed files | WAV, AIFF - No quality loss, takes up more space
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| ADC/DAC | Analog to Digital Converter/Digital to Analog Converter - both found in most computer sound cards and audio interfaces
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| Sample Rate | The number of digital snapshots/samples an ADC takes of incoming analog signal. Number of samples per second. Most consumer audio such as CDs use 44,100Hz sample rate.
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| Nyquist frequency | Highest recorded frequency at a given sample rate = (sample rate/2)
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| Preferred sample rate | When working with audio - 48,000Hz
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| Bit Depth | Refers to the number of different amplitudes that can be recorded. Higher the bit depth, higher the dynamic range., and further the signal from the noise floor. With digital audio, we want to use 24 bit, but consumer audio uses 16 bit
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