SO Med Terms
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| electrolytes | compounds whose ions will conduct electricity in solution
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| electron | subatomic particle with a negative charge that orbits the proton and neutron
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| enzyme | protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction (less energy, less time)
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| ion | atom or molecule with a + or - charge
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| isotopes | atoms of an element whose nuclei contain a different number of neutrons
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| lipid | organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but relatively less oxygen than carbohydrates. (Fats)
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| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions in the body.
catabolism
anabolism
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| protein | chains of small organic molecules called amino acids
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| active transport | ATP dependent absorption or excretion of solutes across a cell membrane
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| cytoplasm | cell contents between the cell membrane and the nucleus membrane
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| cytosol | the fluid portion of the cytoplasm
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| diffusion | passive molecular movement down a concentration gradient
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| endocytosis | a method of ingestion of a foreign substance by a cell. The cell membrane invaginates to form a space and then closes to trap material inside the cell.
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| endoplasmic reticulum | a network of membranous channels in the cytoplasm of a cell that function in intracellular transport, synthesis, storage, packaging, and secretion
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| exocytosis | the ejection of cytoplasmic materials by fusion of a membranous vesicle with the cell membrane
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| gene | a portion of a DNA strand that functions as a hereditary unit and is found at a particular location on a particular chromosome
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| Golgi apparatus | cellular organelle consisting of a series of membranous plates that give rise to lysosomes and secretory vesicles
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| mitochondria | an intracellular organelle responsible for generating most (95%) of the ATP required for the cell
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| mitosis | the division of a single cell into two identical daughter cells
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| nucleus | organelle that contains DNA, RNA, and proteins. Control center of cell
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| organelles | an intracellular structure that performs a specific function or group of functions
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| osmosis | the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane toward a solution containing a relatively high solute concentration
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| phagocytosis | the engulfing of extracellular materials or pathogens; movement of extracellular materials into the cytoplasm by enclosing in a membranous vesicle
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| protein synthesis | the assembling of protein by transcription and translation
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| ribosome | an organelle containing ribosomal RNA and protein that is essential to mRNA translation and protein synthesis
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| transcription | the encoding of genetic instructions on a strand of mRNA
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| translation | the process of peptide formation using the instructions carried by mRNA
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| tumor | a tissue mass formed by the abnormal growth and replication of cells
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| cutaneous membrane | the epidermis and papillary layer of the dermis
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| dermis | the connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis of the skin
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| epidermis | the epithelium covering the surface of the skin
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| hair | a keratinous strand produced by epithelial cells of the hair follicle
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| hair follicle | an accessory structure of the integument; a tube, lined by a stratified squamous epithelium, that begins at the surface of the skin and ends at the hair papilla
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| integument | the skin; the integumentary system
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| keratin | tough, fibrous protein component of nails, hair, calluses, and the general integumentary diseases
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| melanin | yellow-brown pigment produced by the melanocytes of the skin
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| nail | keratinous structure produced by the epithelial cells of the nail root
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| sebaceous glands | glands that secrete sebum, usually associated with hair follicles
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| stratum germinativum | base layer of epidermis which houses stem cells, receptors, and attaches
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| subcutaneous layer | the layer of loose connective tissue below the dermis; also called hypodermis
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