Diet during Infancy
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| BIRTH WEIGHT | doubles by 6 months & triples by first year.
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| How many calories does a normal 1yr old child need? | 98-108 calories per kilogram of body weigh each day
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| Infants need how much water? | 1.5 ml of water per calorie
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| What supplement is routinely given at birth for infant? | Vitamin K
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| T or F: Excess Vitamin A or D can be toxic to infants | TRUE
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| T or F: Fluoride may be supplemented as needed. | True
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| T or F: breastfeeding does not promote oral motor development. | FALSE
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| How often should breast be offered in the first few weeks? | every 2 hours
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| When do growth spurts occur? | 10 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months, during which infant may nurse more frequently.
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| Breastfeeding beneficial to mothers: | less risk of breast cancer and osteoporosis
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| Indications of adequate nutrition: | - infant has 6+ wet diapers per day
- infant has normal growth
- infant has 1-2 bowel movements per day
- breast becomes less full during nursing
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| Synthetic formula comes from what to be used for sensitive or allergic infants. | soybeans
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| T or F: Cow's milk can cause gastrointestinal blood loss in infants and should not be used. | True
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| When should solid foods be introduced? | 4-6 months of age and should be done gradually.
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| What follows solid foods? | cooked and pureed vegetables, then cooked and pureed fruits, egg yolk, and finally, finely ground meats.
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| What foods can be introduced during 6-12 months? | Zwieback teething biscuits, and cheerios
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| T or F: Honey can be given to an infant. | FALSE. honey can be contaminated with Clostridium Botulinum bacteria.
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| Why should juice never be given from a bottle? | Babies will fill up on it and not get enough calories from other sources.<br><br>
use only 100% juice products and limit to 4oz per day because they are nutrient dense.
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| Indications readiness for solid foods | - disappearance of extrusion reflex(pushing food out with tongue)<br>
- willingness to participate in the process
- ability to sit up without support
- having head and neck control
- drinking more than 32oz of formula or nursing 8-10x in 24hrs
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| When is the sucking reflex developed? | 34 weeks gestation. infants born earlier will require TPN, tube feedings or bolus feedings.
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| CYSTIC FIBROSIS | inherited disease in which the body secretes abnormally thick mucus.<br>
decreased production of digestive enzymes and malabsorption of fat.<br>
recommendation: 35-40% of diet should be from fat.
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| FAILURE TO THRIVE | determined by plotting the infant's growth on standardized charts
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| Failure to thrive may be caused by? | watering down formula, congenital abnormalities, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS), lack of bonding, child abuse or neglect.
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| GALACTOSEMIA | condition in which there is a lack of the liver enzyme TRANSFERASE(converts galactose to glucose).<br>
amount of galactose in the blood becomes toxic and results in diarrhea, vomitting, edema and abnormal liver function.
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| Galactosemia concerns: | cataracts may develop, galactosuria occurs and mental retardation.
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| PHENYLKETONURIA(PKU) | Infants lack the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is necessary for the metabolism of the amini acid phenylaline.
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| PKU concerns: | if untreated, become hyperactive, suffer seizures, and become mentally retarded between 6 & 18 months.
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| MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE (MSUD) | Congenital defect resulting in the inability to metabolize 3 amino acids: leucine, isoleucine and valine. named for odor.
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