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NUTRITION CH 12

Diet during Infancy

QuestionAnswer
BIRTH WEIGHT doubles by 6 months & triples by first year.
How many calories does a normal 1yr old child need? 98-108 calories per kilogram of body weigh each day
Infants need how much water? 1.5 ml of water per calorie
What supplement is routinely given at birth for infant? Vitamin K
T or F: Excess Vitamin A or D can be toxic to infants TRUE
T or F: Fluoride may be supplemented as needed. True
T or F: breastfeeding does not promote oral motor development. FALSE
How often should breast be offered in the first few weeks? every 2 hours
When do growth spurts occur? 10 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months, during which infant may nurse more frequently.
Breastfeeding beneficial to mothers: less risk of breast cancer and osteoporosis
Indications of adequate nutrition: - infant has 6+ wet diapers per day - infant has normal growth - infant has 1-2 bowel movements per day - breast becomes less full during nursing
Synthetic formula comes from what to be used for sensitive or allergic infants. soybeans
T or F: Cow's milk can cause gastrointestinal blood loss in infants and should not be used. True
When should solid foods be introduced? 4-6 months of age and should be done gradually.
What follows solid foods? cooked and pureed vegetables, then cooked and pureed fruits, egg yolk, and finally, finely ground meats.
What foods can be introduced during 6-12 months? Zwieback teething biscuits, and cheerios
T or F: Honey can be given to an infant. FALSE. honey can be contaminated with Clostridium Botulinum bacteria.
Why should juice never be given from a bottle? Babies will fill up on it and not get enough calories from other sources.<br><br> use only 100% juice products and limit to 4oz per day because they are nutrient dense.
Indications readiness for solid foods - disappearance of extrusion reflex(pushing food out with tongue)<br> - willingness to participate in the process - ability to sit up without support - having head and neck control - drinking more than 32oz of formula or nursing 8-10x in 24hrs
When is the sucking reflex developed? 34 weeks gestation. infants born earlier will require TPN, tube feedings or bolus feedings.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS inherited disease in which the body secretes abnormally thick mucus.<br> decreased production of digestive enzymes and malabsorption of fat.<br> recommendation: 35-40% of diet should be from fat.
FAILURE TO THRIVE determined by plotting the infant's growth on standardized charts
Failure to thrive may be caused by? watering down formula, congenital abnormalities, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS), lack of bonding, child abuse or neglect.
GALACTOSEMIA condition in which there is a lack of the liver enzyme TRANSFERASE(converts galactose to glucose).<br> amount of galactose in the blood becomes toxic and results in diarrhea, vomitting, edema and abnormal liver function.
Galactosemia concerns: cataracts may develop, galactosuria occurs and mental retardation.
PHENYLKETONURIA(PKU) Infants lack the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is necessary for the metabolism of the amini acid phenylaline.
PKU concerns: if untreated, become hyperactive, suffer seizures, and become mentally retarded between 6 & 18 months.
MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE (MSUD) Congenital defect resulting in the inability to metabolize 3 amino acids: leucine, isoleucine and valine. named for odor.
Created by: alogan
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