Notes over Chapter 11: Circulatory System, Anatomy
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| What is the function of the circulatory system? | Transportation and Protection
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| Describe the location of the heart? | Between lungs, in lower portion of mediastinum, 2/3 of mass on left side, apex on diaphragm
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| What does CPR stand for and when is this procedure required? | Cardiopulmonary Recussitation; when a patient has no pulse
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| Name the four chambers of the heart | Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle
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| What is the myocardium? | Cardiac tissue of heart chambers
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| What is the endocardium? Inflammation of endocardium? | Lining of the inner chambers of the heart; endocarditis
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| What is the pericardium? What are its two layers? Where is each located? | Outer covering of the heart; visceral pericardium (lines outside of the heart), parietal pericardium (sac outside the heart)
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| Differentiate between systole and diastole | Systole = contraction of heart, Diastole = relaxation of heart
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| List the valves of heart and their functions | Tricuspid - separates right atrium from ventricle/Bicuspid - separates left atrium from ventricle/SL valves - separates right ventricle and pulmonary artery/Left semilunar valves - separates aorta from ventricle
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| What sound does the heart make? What is taking place in the heart to cause this to happen? | Lub (closure of AV valves as ventricles contract) Dup (closure of SV valves as SL valves relax)
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| Do all of the chambers contract at the same time? Explain. | No; atria contract first, then ventricles.
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| Trace pathway of blood through heart and lungs. | Blood enters through vena cava - Right atrium -Tricuspid - Right ventricle - Pulmonary valve - Pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left AV valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta
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| Differentiate between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. | Pulmonary: movement of blood from right ventricle to lungs / Systemic: movement of blood from left ventricle to lungs
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| What is coronary circulation and why is it needed? | Delivery of oxygen rich blood to cardiac muscle tissue and the return of oxygen poor blood to venous system / Heart needs blood because it is a muscle
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| Through what two blood vessels does blood flowing to the heart pass? | Right and left coronary arteries
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| Describe coronary bypass surgery. | Veins or arteries are harvested from other parts of the body and are used to bypass partial blockages in coronary arteries, that could lead to a heart attack.
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| What is angioplasty? | A procedure in which a device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow
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| What is the cardiac cycle and what does it include? | Cycle of each complete heartbeat - relaxation/contraction of atria, then ventricles
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| What is the average heart rate? How long does it take to complete one cardiac cycle? | 60-80 BPM / .8 seconds
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| What are the four structures that make up the conduction system and what do they do? | SA node - atrial contraction / AV node - relays impulse through AV bundle and Perkinje fibers - ventricular contraction
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| What is an artificial pacemaker used to treat? | Heart block
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| What does the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave represent? | P wave - depolarization of atriaQRS complex - depolarization of ventriclesT wave - repolarization of ventricles
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