243 EXAM 4
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| skin functions | sensory perception, thermoregulation, secretion, protection, stores fat, facilitates motion, appearance and identity
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| pathogenesis of skin disease | sunlight, insects, infectious organisms, chemicals, physical agents, genetics
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| pigmented skin disorders | involve melanocytes
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| absence of melanin production | vitiligo, albinism
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| vitiligo | patches of unpigmented skin
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| albinism | overall absence of melanin
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| increase in melanin | mongolian spots
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| allergic dermatitis | poison ivy, latex allergy
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| atopic dermatitis | eczema, poorly defined erythema, edema and vesicles
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| uticaria | hives
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| angioedema | swelling in the deeper dermis, large wheals, swelling of tongue and upper airways
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| drug induced skin eruptions | erythema multiforme minor, steven johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
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| erythema multiforme minor | ring like erythematous macules and blisters
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| steven johnson syndrome | erythema multiforme major, ulceration of mucous membrane and skin, bigger rash
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| toxic epidermal necrolysis | life threatening, large areas of denuded skin, overall body rash, skin sloughing off
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| psoriasis | circumscribed, red, thickened plaques with silver scales, genetic history, T cell mediated autoimmune, hyperkeratosis
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| hyperkeratosis | increased epidermal cell turnover, thickening of skin
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| arthropod infestations | scabies, pediculosis
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| scabies | mite, burrows in epidermis, lays eggs and larvae that migrate to skin surface, person to person
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| pediculosis | lice, wingless, lives on animal and human blood
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| lyme disease | multisystem inflammatory disease caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by tick bites
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| three stages of lyme disease symptoms | localized infection, disseminated infection, lat persistent infections
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| lyme disease disseminated infection | fever, chills, fatigue, muscle and joint aches
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| lyme disease late persistent infection | headache, stiffness, facial palsy, lyme carditis (bacteria in cardiac muscle)
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| lyme disease rash | erythema migrans, bullseye, 3 to 30 days after bite
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| rubella | german measles, caused by togavirus
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| rubella rash | starts in trunk, diffuse to extremities, punctuate, macular rash
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| rubella manifestations | enlarged cervical and postauricular lymph nodes, low grade fever, headache, sore throat, runny nose, cough
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| rubeola | 7 day measles, red measles, acute
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| rubeola rash | macular and blotchy, begins on face, koplick spots over buccal mucosa
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| rubeola manifestations | high fever, malaise, enlarged lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, barking cough
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| varicella | chickenpox produced by varicella zoster, pruritus, cold like symptoms, mild fever
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| stages of varicella | macule, vesicle, granular scab
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| skin tags | outgrowths
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| keratosis | overgrowth, brown moles
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| lentigo | dark pigmented spots
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| tinea | ringworm, body or face, scalp, feet, nail
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| candidal infections | yeast, produced by C albicans, in GI, mouth and vagina, thrives in dark warm places
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| predisposed to fungal infections | diabetics (high blood glucose weakens immune response), antibiotics (disrupts microbiome), contraceptive (hormonal changes), poor nutrition, immunosuppression
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| primary bacterial infections | superficial; impetigo, bullous impetigo, ecthyma
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| impetigo | group A beta hemolytic strep or staph, small vesicles or pustules, large bullae, serous liquid hardens, pruritic
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| bullous impetigo | staph aureus, thin bullae erupt and may coalesce
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| secondary bacterial infections | deep cutaneous, infected ulcers, cellulitis
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| cellulitis | dermis and subcutaneous tissues, portal of entry - wound, scratch, common in legs and hands
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| cellulitis appearance | expanding red, swollen tender, plaque, fever, erythema, heat, edema
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| human papillomavirus | verrucae, warts common benign papilloma
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| herpes simplex type 1 | spread by respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected saliva, oropharyngeal infections
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| herpes simplex type 2 | genital herpes
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| herpes zoster | shingles, chicken pox sits dormant in nerve roots, pattern of rash along dermatome, where nerve root innervates
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